Corinth - Revision history

Irlandos: /* Roman era */

2009-04-24T10:56:08Z

Roman era

Irlandos at 10:22, August 27, 2007

2007-08-27T10:22:16Z

Irlandos: /* Ottoman Rule */

2007-04-18T11:15:12Z

Ottoman Rule

Irlandos: /* External links */

2006-07-24T07:16:07Z

External links

Irlandos: /* Classical era */

2006-07-14T08:32:33Z

Classical era

Irlandos: /* External links */

2005-12-13T13:24:21Z

External links

Irlandos at 09:42, October 30, 2005

2005-10-30T09:42:05Z

New page

'''Corinth''', or '''Korinth''' (''Κόρινθος'' is a [[Greece|Greek]] city, on the [[Isthmus of Corinth]], the narrow stretch of land that joins the [[Peloponnesus]] to the mainland of Greece. To the west of the isthmus lies the [[Gulf of Corinth]], to the east lies the [[Saronic Gulf]]. Corinth is about 48 miles (78 km) southwest of [[Athens]]. The isthmus, which was in ancient times traversed by hauling ships over the rocky ridge on sledges, is now cut by a canal. Corinth is located at 37°56' North, 22°55' East (38.56, 22.55).

Corinth is also the capital of the [[prefecture]] of [[Corinthia prefecture|Corinthia]]. The city is (clockwise) surrounded by the coastal townlets of [[Lechaio]], [[Isthmia]], [[Kechries]], and the inland townlets of [[Examilia]] and [[Ancient Corinth]] right next to the archaelogical site. Geophysically the city is likewise surrounded by the narrow coastal plain of [[Vocha (plain of)|Vocha]], Corinthian Gulf, [[Corinth Canal]], Saronic Gulf, [[Oneia mountains]], and the monolithic rock of [[Acrocorinth]] where the medieval [[acropolis]] was built.

==History==
===Prehistoric era===
The city was founded in the Neolithic Age, circa [[6000 BC]]. According to myth, the city was founded by Corinthos, a descendant of the god [[Helios]] (the Sun), while other myths suggest that it was founded by the goddess Ephyra, a daugter of the [[titan]] [[Oceanus]], thus the ancient name of the city (also [[Ephyra]]). There is evidence that the city was destroyed around [[2000 BC]].

Before the end of the [[Mycenae]]an period the [[Dorians]] attempted to settle in Corinth. While at first they failed, their second attempt was successful when their leader Aletes followed a different path around the Corinthian Gulf from [[Antirio]].

Some ancient names for the place, such as ''Korinthos'', derive from a pre-Greek, "[[Pelasgian]]" language; it seems likely that Corinth was also the site of a [[Bronze Age]] Mycenaean palace-city, like Mycenae, [[Tiryns]] or [[Pylos]]. According to myth, [[Sisyphus]] was the founder of a race of ancient kings at Corinth. It was also in Corinth that [[Jason]], the leader of the [[Argonauts]], abandoned [[Medea]].

===Classical era===

Later, in classical times the ancient city rivalled Athens and [[Thebes]] in wealth, based on the Isthmian traffic and trade. Until the mid-6th century Corinth was a major exporter of black-figure pottery to cities around the Greek world. Athenian potters later came to dominate the market. Corinth's great temple on its ancient [[acropolis]] was dedicated to [[Aphrodite]]. According to most sources, there were more than one thousand temple prostitutes employed at the Temple of Aphrodite. Corinth was also the host of the [[Isthmian Games]].

In the [[7th century BC]], when Corinth was ruled by the tyrants [[Cypselus]] (r. 657-627 BC) and his son [[Periander]] (r. 627-585 BC), the city sent forth colonists to found new settlements: [[Epidamnus]] (modern day [[Durres]], Albania), [[Syracuse]], [[Ambracia]] (modern day [[Lefkada|town of Lefkas]]), [[Corcyra]] (modern day [[Corfu|town of Corfu]]) and [[Actium]]. Periander also founded [[Apollonia (city)|Apollonia]] (modern day [[Fier]], Albania) and [[Potidaea]] (in [[Chalkidiki prefecture|Chalkidiki]]). Corinth was also one of the nine Greek sponsor-cities to found the colony of [[Naukratis]] in Ancient Egypt. Naucratis was founded to accomodate the increasing trade volume between the Greek world and the pharaohnic Egypt, during the reign of [[Pharaoh]] [[Psammetichus I]] of the [[26th dynasty]].

Periander was one of the [[Seven Wise Men of Greece]]. During his reign the first Corinthian coins were forged. He was the first to attempt to cut across the Isthmus to create a seaway to allow ship traffic between the Corinthian and the Saronic Gulf. He abandoned the venture due to the extreme technical difficulties he met, but he created the [[Diolkos]] (a stone-build overland ramp) instead. The era of the Cypselids, ending with Periander's nephew [[Psammetichus]], named after the hellenophile Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus I (see above), was the golden age of the city of Corinth.

During this era Corinthians developed the [[Corinthian order]], the third order of the classical architecture after the [[ionic order|Ionic]] and the [[doric order|Doric]]. The Corinthian order was the most complicated of the three, showing the accumulation of wealth and the luxurious lifestyle in the ancient city-state, while the Doric order was analogous to the strict and simplistic lifestyle of the older Dorians like the Spartans, and the Ionic was a balance between those two following the philosophy of harmony of Ionians like the Athenians.

At this time there was a famous ancient saying: "'''Ou pantos plein es Korinthon'''", which translates as "Not everyone is able to go to Corinth", due to the expensive living standards that prevailed in the city. The city was renowned for the temple prostitutes of [[Aphrodite]], the goddess of lust, who served the wealthy merchants and the powerful officials living in or travelling in and out of the city. The most famous of them, [[Lais]], was said to have extraordinary abilities and charged tremendous fees for her favours.

The city had two main ports, one in the Corinthian Gulf and one in the Saronic Gulf, serving the trade routes of the western and eastern [[Mediterranean]], respectively. In the Corinthian Gulf lied [[Lechaio|Lechaion]], which connected the city to it's western colonies ('''Greek''': [[Colonies in antiquity|apoikoiai]]) and [[Magna Graecia]], while in the Saronic Gulf the port of [[Kechries|Kenchreai]] served the ships coming from Athens, [[Ionia]], [[Cyprus]] and the rest of the [[Levant]]. Both ports had docks for the large war fleet of the city-state.

The city was a major participant in the [[Persian Wars]], offering 40 war ships in the sea [[Battle of Salamis]] under the admiral [[Adeimantos]] and 5,000 [[hoplites]] (wearing their characteristic [[Corinthian helmet]]s) in the following [[Battle of Plataea]] but afterwards was frequently an enemy of Athens and an ally of [[Sparta]] in the [[Peloponnesian League]]. In [[431 BC]], one of the factors leading to the [[Peloponnesian War]] was the dispute between Corinth and Athens over the Corinthian colony of Corcyra (Corfu), which probably stemmed from the traditional trade rivalry between the two cities.

After the end of the Peloponnesian War, Corinth and Thebes, which were former allies with Sparta in the Peloponnesian League, had grown dissatisfied with the hegemony of Sparta and started the [[Corinthian War]] against it, which further weakened the [[polis|city-states]] of the Peloponnese. This weakeness allowed for the subsequent invasion of the [[Macedon]]ians of the north and the forging of the [[Corinthian League]] by [[Philip II of Macedon]] against the [[Persian Empire]]. Philip's son [[Alexander the Great]] was the first general of the [[Hellenes]].

In the [[4th century BC]], Corinth was home to [[Diogenes of Sinope]], one of the world's best known cynics.

===Roman era===
The Romans under [[Lucius Mummius Achaicus|Mummius]] destroyed Corinth following a siege in [[146 BC]]; when he entered the city Mummius put all the men to the sword and sold the women and children into slavery before he torched the city, for which he was given the cognomen ''Achaicus'' as the conqueror of the [[Achaean League]] (see [[Battle of Corinth (146 BC)|Battle of Corinth]]). While there is archeological evidence of some minimal habitation in the years afterwards, Julius Caesar refounded the city as ''Colonia laus Iulia Corinthiensis'' in [[44 BC]] shortly before his assassination. According to [[Appian of Alexandria|Appian]], the new settlers were drawn from freedmen of Rome. Under the Romans it became the seat of government for Southern [[Greece]] or [[Achaia]] ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 18:12-16). It was noted for its wealth, and for the luxurious, immoral and vicious habits of the people. It had a large mixed population of Romans, Greeks and Jews.

When St. Paul first visited the city ([[51|AD 51]] or [[52]]), Gallio, the brother of Seneca, was proconsul. Paul resided here for eighteen months (18:1-18). Here he first became acquainted with Aquila and Priscilla, and soon after his departure Apollos came from [[Ephesus]]. Although he intended to pass through Corinth the second time before he visited Macedonia, circumstances were such, in the absence of Titus, that he went from Troas to Macedonia, and then likely passed into Corinth for a "second benefit" (2 Corinthians 1:15), and remained for three months, according to Acts 20:3.

During this second visit in the spring of [[58]] it is likely the Epistle to the Romans was written. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians reflects the difficulties of maintaining a Christian community in such a cosmopolitan city.

===Byzantine era===

The city was destroyed by an earthquake in [[375]] and again in [[551]].

During Alaric's invasion of Greece, in [[395]]–[[396]], Corinth was one of the cities he despoiled, selling many of its citizens into slavery.

During the reign of [[Byzantine emperor]] [[Justinian I]], a large stone wall was erected from the Saronic to the Corinthian gulf, protecting the city and the Peloponnesean peninsula from the barbarian invasions of the north. The stone wall was about six miles (10 km) long and was named [[Examilion wall|Examilion]] (exi=six in Greek). During this era Corinth was the seat of the ''Thema'' of Hellas (representing modern day [[Greece]]).

In the 12th century (during the reign of the [[Comnenus]] dynasty), the wealth of the city, generated from the silk trade to the Latin states of western Europe, attracted the attention of the Sicilian Normans under the Roger of Sicily, who plundered it in [[1147]].

===Principality of Achaea===
In [[1204]] Geoffrey de Villehardouin, nephew of the homonymous [[Geoffrey of Villehardouin|famous historian]] of the [[Fourth Crusade]], was granted Corinth after the sack of [[Constantinople]], with the title of Prince of Achaea. From [[1205]]-[[1208]] the Corinthians resisted the Frankish domination from their stronghold in [[Acrocorinth]], under the command of the Greek general [[Leo Sgouros]]. The French knight William of Champlitte led the crusader forces. In 1208 Leo Sgouros killed himself by riding off the top of Acrocorinth, but from 1208 to [[1210]] the Corinthians continued to resist against the enemy forces.

After the collapse of resistant and for the years to come Corinth became a full part of the Principality, governed by the Villehardouins from their capital in [[Andravida]] of [[Elis prefecture|Elis]]. Corinth was the last sifnificant town of Achaea on its northern borders with another crusader state, the [[Duchy of Athens]].

===Ottoman Rule===
In [[1458]] five years after the final [[Fall of Constantinople]], the Turks of the Ottoman Empire conquered the city and its mighty castle.

During the Greek [[War of Independence]], [[1821]]-[[1830]] the city was totally destroyed by the Turkish forces. The city was officially liberated in [[1832]] after the [[London Conference of 1832|Treaty of London]]. In [[1833]], the site was considered among the candidates for the new capital city of the recently founded Kingdom of Greece, due to its historical significance and strategic position. Athens, then an insignificant village, was chosen insted.

<table width = 75% border = 2 align="center">
<tr>
<td width = 35% align="center"></td>
<td width = 30% align="center">'''North:''' [[Gulf of Corinth]],<br/>[[Loutraki-Perachoras]] (NE)</td>
<td width = 35% align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width = 35% align="center">'''West:''' [[Vocha (plain of)|Vocha]],</br>[[Lechaio]]</td>
<td width = 30% align="center">'''Corinth'''</td>
<td width = 35% align="center">'''East:''' [[Saronic Gulf]],<br/>[[Isthmia]],<br/>[[Kechries]] (SE)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width = 35% align="center"></td>
<td width = 30% align="center">'''South''': [[Oneia mountains]],<br/>[[Examilia]],<br/>[[Ancient Corinth]] (SW)</td>
<td width = 35% align="center"></td>
</tr>
</table>

== Corinth today ==
In [[1858]] the old city (ancient Corinth, today a village 3km SW of the modern city) was totally destroyed by an earthquake. The new city of Corinth was founded on the coast of the Gulf of Corinth.

Corinth is the second largest city in the [[periphery]] of Peloponnese after [[Kalamata]] (53,659 inh. in 2001). In the census of [[1991]] the city had a population of 28,071 while latest data [[2001]] show an increase of 2,363 inhabitants (+8,4%) to 30,434. It should be noted the fact that between the census of [[1981]] and that of 1991 the city had one of the fastest increasing populations in the country.

The [[Municipality of Corinth]] or ''Dimos Korinthion'' has a population of 36,991 in 2001. The municipality includes the townlet of Ancient Corinth (1,770 inh.), where the ancient and the medieval city used to be built at the foothills of the rock of Acrocorinth 3km from the new city centre, the townlet of Examilia (1,547 inh.), and the smaller settlements of [[Xylokeriza]] (777 inh.) and [[Solomos,Corinthia|Solomos]] (686 inh.).

The [[Corinth Canal]], carrying ship traffic between the western Mediterranean and the Aegean, is about 4 km east of the city, cutting through the [[Isthmus of Corinth]].

A city square is located next to its [[Port of Corinth|port]]. The port operates north of the square, and serves the local needs of industry and agriculture. It is mainly a cargo exporting facility.

Corinth is a major industrial hub at a national level. Copper cables, petroleum products, medical equipment, marble, gypsum, ceramic tiles, salt, mineral water & beverages, meat products, and gums are produced nearby. Currently (2005) a period of de-industrialisation has commenced as a large pipework complex, a textile factory and a meat packing facility disrupted their operations.

A large oil-refinery complex is situated about 12 km northeast of the city, which some think is the line marking the Athens metro area. The complex is amongst the largest in the eastern Mediterranean. It is surrounded by [[Greece Interstate 8A]] and a 3+1 lanes per direction freeway. A modern rest area with restaurants and gas stations is located nearby on the freeway.

The city is the terminal point of a newly-built ultra-modern electric railway line to the Athens metropolitan area. Expectations for further economic and residential expansion are significant due to this new development.

The city is also a major road hub being the entry point to the Peloponnesian peninsula, the southernmost area of Greece.

==External links==

*[http://www.media.net.gr/korinthos.htm Media in Corinth]
*[http://www.xeniosmagazine.gr/prefectures/corinthia/index1.html Xenios Magazine articles on Corinthia]
*[http://corinth.sas.upenn.edu/hist.html]
*[http://corinth.sas.upenn.edu/ Corinth Computer Project]

----
''Partial text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897''

[[Category:Cities and towns in Greece]]
[[Category:Corinth prefecture|*]]
[[Category:Greek prefectural capitals]]

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 [[Category:Cities and towns in Greece]]
-[[Category:Corinthia prefecture|*]]
+[[Category:Corinthia prefecture]]
 [[Category:Greek prefectural capitals]]

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 The Romans under [[Lucius Mummius Achaicus|Mummius]] destroyed Corinth following a siege in [[146 BC]]; when he entered the city Mummius put all the men to the sword and sold the women and children into slavery before he torched the city, for which he was given the cognomen ''Achaicus'' as the conqueror of the [[Achaean League]] (see [[Battle of Corinth (146 BC)|Battle of Corinth]]). While there is archeological evidence of some minimal habitation in the years afterwards, Julius Caesar refounded the city as ''Colonia laus Iulia Corinthiensis'' in [[44 BC]] shortly before his assassination. According to [[Appian of Alexandria|Appian]], the new settlers were drawn from freedmen of Rome. Under the Romans it became the seat of government for Southern [[Greece]] or [[Achaia]] ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 18:12-16). It was noted for its wealth, and for the luxurious, immoral and vicious habits of the people. It had a large mixed population of Romans, Greeks and Jews.
-When St. Paul first visited the city ([[51|AD 51]] or [[52]]), Gallio, the brother of Seneca, was proconsul. Paul resided here for eighteen months (18:1-18). Here he first became acquainted with Aquila and Priscilla, and soon after his departure Apollos came from [[Ephesus]]. Although he intended to pass through Corinth the second time before he visited Macedonia, circumstances were such, in the absence of Titus, that he went from Troas to Macedonia, and then likely passed into Corinth for a "second benefit" (2 Corinthians 1:15), and remained for three months, according to Acts 20:3.
+When [[Saint Paul]] first visited the city ([[51|AD 51]] or [[52]]), Gallio, the brother of Seneca, was proconsul. Paul resided here for eighteen months (18:1-18). Here he first became acquainted with Aquila and Priscilla, and soon after his departure Apollos came from [[Ephesus]]. Although he intended to pass through Corinth the second time before he visited Macedonia, circumstances were such, in the absence of Titus, that he went from Troas to Macedonia, and then likely passed into Corinth for a "second benefit" (2 Corinthians 1:15), and remained for three months, according to Acts 20:3.
 During this second visit in the spring of [[58]] it is likely the Epistle to the Romans was written. Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians reflects the difficulties of maintaining a Christian community in such a cosmopolitan city.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Later, in classical times the ancient city rivalled Athens and [[Thebes]] in wealth, based on the Isthmian traffic and trade. Until the mid-6th century Corinth was a major exporter of black-figure pottery to cities around the Greek world. Athenian potters later came to dominate the market. Corinth's great temple on its ancient [[acropolis]] was dedicated to [[Aphrodite]]. According to most sources, there were more than one thousand temple prostitutes employed at the Temple of Aphrodite. Corinth was also the host of the [[Isthmian Games]].
-In the [[7th century BC]], when Corinth was ruled by the tyrants [[Cypselus]] (r. 657-627 BC) and his son [[Periander]] (r. 627-585 BC), the city sent forth colonists to found new settlements: [[Epidamnus]] (modern day [[Durres]], Albania), [[Syracuse]], [[Ambracia]] (modern day [[Lefkada|town of Lefkas]]), [[Corcyra]] (modern day [[Corfu (city)|town of Corfu]]) and [[Actium]]. Periander also founded [[Apollonia (city)|Apollonia]] (modern day [[Fier]], Albania) and [[Potidaea]] (in [[Chalkidiki prefecture|Chalkidiki]]). Corinth was also one of the nine Greek sponsor-cities to found the colony of [[Naukratis]] in Ancient Egypt. Naucratis was founded to accomodate the increasing trade volume between the Greek world and the pharaohnic Egypt, during the reign of [[Pharaoh]] [[Psammetichus I]] of the [[26th dynasty]].
+In the [[7th century BC]], when Corinth was ruled by the tyrants [[Cypselus]] (r. 657-627 BC) and his son [[Periander]] (r. 627-585 BC), the city sent forth colonists to found new settlements: [[Epidamnus]] (modern day Durres, Albania), [[Syracuse]], [[Ambracia]] (modern day [[Lefkada|town of Lefkas]]), [[Corcyra]] (modern day [[Corfu (city)|town of Corfu]]) and [[Actium]]. Periander also founded [[Apollonia (city)|Apollonia]] (modern day Fier, Albania) and [[Potidaea]] (in [[Chalkidiki prefecture|Chalkidiki]]). Corinth was also one of the nine Greek sponsor-cities to found the colony of [[Naukratis]] in Ancient Egypt. Naucratis was founded to accomodate the increasing trade volume between the Greek world and the pharaohnic Egypt, during the reign of Pharaoh Psammetichus I of the 26th dynasty.
-Periander was one of the [[Seven Wise Men of Greece]]. During his reign the first Corinthian coins were forged. He was the first to attempt to cut across the Isthmus to create a seaway to allow ship traffic between the Corinthian and the Saronic Gulf. He abandoned the venture due to the extreme technical difficulties he met, but he created the [[Diolkos]] (a stone-build overland ramp) instead. The era of the Cypselids, ending with Periander's nephew [[Psammetichus]], named after the hellenophile Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus I (see above), was the golden age of the city of Corinth.
+Periander was one of the [[Seven Wise Men of Greece]]. During his reign the first Corinthian coins were forged. He was the first to attempt to cut across the Isthmus to create a seaway to allow ship traffic between the Corinthian and the Saronic Gulf. He abandoned the venture due to the extreme technical difficulties he met, but he created the [[Diolkos]] (a stone-build overland ramp) instead. The era of the Cypselids, ending with Periander's nephew Psammetichus, named after the hellenophile Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus I (see above), was the golden age of the city of Corinth.
 During this era Corinthians developed the [[Corinthian order]], the third order of the classical architecture after the [[ionic order|Ionic]] and the [[doric order|Doric]]. The Corinthian order was the most complicated of the three, showing the accumulation of wealth and the luxurious lifestyle in the ancient city-state, while the Doric order was analogous to the strict and simplistic lifestyle of the older Dorians like the Spartans, and the Ionic was a balance between those two following the philosophy of harmony of Ionians like the Athenians.
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 At this time there was a famous ancient saying: "'''Ou pantos plein es Korinthon'''", which translates as "Not everyone is able to go to Corinth", due to the expensive living standards that prevailed in the city. The city was renowned for the temple prostitutes of [[Aphrodite]], the goddess of lust, who served the wealthy merchants and the powerful officials living in or travelling in and out of the city. The most famous of them, [[Lais]], was said to have extraordinary abilities and charged tremendous fees for her favours.
-The city had two main ports, one in the Corinthian Gulf and one in the Saronic Gulf, serving the trade routes of the western and eastern [[Mediterranean]], respectively. In the Corinthian Gulf lied [[Lechaio|Lechaion]], which connected the city to it's western colonies ('''Greek''': [[Colonies in antiquity|apoikoiai]]) and [[Magna Graecia]], while in the Saronic Gulf the port of [[Kechries|Kenchreai]] served the ships coming from Athens, [[Ionia]], [[Cyprus]] and the rest of the [[Levant]]. Both ports had docks for the large war fleet of the city-state.
+The city had two main ports, one in the Corinthian Gulf and one in the Saronic Gulf, serving the trade routes of the western and eastern [[Mediterranean]], respectively. In the Corinthian Gulf lied [[Lechaio|Lechaion]], which connected the city to it's western colonies ('''Greek''': [[Colonies in antiquity|apoikoiai]]) and [[Magna Graecia]], while in the Saronic Gulf the port of [[Cenchreae]] served the ships coming from Athens, [[Ionia]], [[Cyprus]] and the rest of the Levant. Both ports had docks for the large war fleet of the city-state.
 The city was a major participant in the [[Persian Wars]], offering 40 war ships in the sea [[Battle of Salamis]] under the admiral [[Adeimantos]] and 5,000 [[hoplites]] (wearing their characteristic [[Corinthian helmet]]s) in the following [[Battle of Plataea]] but afterwards was frequently an enemy of Athens and an ally of [[Sparta]] in the [[Peloponnesian League]]. In [[431 BC]], one of the factors leading to the [[Peloponnesian War]] was the dispute between Corinth and Athens over the Corinthian colony of Corcyra (Corfu), which probably stemmed from the traditional trade rivalry between the two cities.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 In [[1858]] the old city (ancient Corinth, today a village 3km SW of the modern city) was totally destroyed by an earthquake. The new city of Corinth was founded on the coast of the Gulf of Corinth.
-Corinth is the second largest city in the [[periphery]] of Peloponnese after [[Kalamata]] (53,659 inh. in 2001). In the census of [[1991]] the city had a population of 28,071 while latest data [[2001]] show an increase of 2,363 inhabitants (+8,4%) to 30,434. It should be noted the fact that between the census of [[1981]] and that of 1991 the city had one of the fastest increasing populations in the country.
+Corinth is the second largest city in the periphery of Peloponnese after [[Kalamata]] (53,659 inh. in 2001). In the census of [[1991]] the city had a population of 28,071 while latest data [[2001]] show an increase of 2,363 inhabitants (+8,4%) to 30,434. It should be noted the fact that between the census of [[1981]] and that of 1991 the city had one of the fastest increasing populations in the country.
-The [[Municipality of Corinth]] or ''Dimos Korinthion'' has a population of 36,991 in 2001. The municipality includes the townlet of Ancient Corinth (1,770 inh.), where the ancient and the medieval city used to be built at the foothills of the rock of Acrocorinth 3km from the new city centre, the townlet of Examilia (1,547 inh.), and the smaller settlements of [[Xylokeriza]] (777 inh.) and [[Solomos,Corinthia|Solomos]] (686 inh.).
+The [[Municipality of Corinth]] or ''Dimos Korinthion'' has a population of 36,991 in 2001. The municipality includes the townlet of Ancient Corinth (1,770 inh.), where the ancient and the medieval city used to be built at the foothills of the rock of Acrocorinth 3km from the new city centre, the townlet of Examilia (1,547 inh.), and the smaller settlements of [[Xylokeriza]] (777 inh.) and [[Solomos (Corinthia)|Solomos]] (686 inh.).
 The [[Corinth Canal]], carrying ship traffic between the western Mediterranean and the Aegean, is about 4 km east of the city, cutting through the [[Isthmus of Corinth]].
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 ----
 ''Partial text from Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897''

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 In [[1458]] five years after the final [[Fall of Constantinople]], the Turks of the Ottoman Empire conquered the city and its mighty castle.
-During the Greek [[War of Independence]], [[1821]]-[[1830]] the city was totally destroyed by the Turkish forces. The city was officially liberated in [[1832]] after the [[London Conference of 1832|Treaty of London]]. In [[1833]], the site was considered among the candidates for the new capital city of the recently founded Kingdom of Greece, due to its historical significance and strategic position. Athens, then an insignificant village, was chosen insted.
+During the Greek [[War of Independence]], [[1821]]-[[1830]] the city was totally destroyed by the Turkish forces. The city was officially liberated in [[1832]] after the [[Treaty of London, 1832|Treaty of London]]. In [[1833]], the site was considered among the candidates for the new capital city of the recently founded Kingdom of Greece, due to its historical significance and strategic position. Athens, then an insignificant village, was chosen insted.
 <table width = 75% border = 2 align="center">