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Irlandos at 09:37, March 18, 2006

2006-03-18T09:37:54Z

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In [[Greek mythology]], '''Cresphontes''' was a son of [[Aristomaches]] and brother of [[Temenus]] and [[Aristodemus]]. He was a great-great-grandson of [[Heracles]] and helped lead the fifth and final attack on [[Mycenae]] in the [[Peloponnesus]]. He became King of [[Messene]].

Cresphontes and his brothers complained to the oracle that its instructions had proved fatal to those who had followed them (the [[oracle]] had told [[Hyllas]] to attack through the narrow passage when the third fruit was ripe). They received the answer that by the "third fruit" the "third generation" was meant, and that the "narrow passage" was not the isthmus of [[Corinth]], but the straits of [[Rhium]]. They accordingly built a fleet at [[Naupactus]], but before they set sail, Aristodemus was struck by lightning (or shot by [[Apollo]]) and the fleet destroyed, because one of the Heraclidae had slain an [[Acarnania]]n soothsayer. The oracle, being again consulted by Temenus, bade him offer an expiatory sacrifice and banish the murderer for ten years, and look out for a man with three eyes to act as guide. On his way back to Naupactus, Temenus fell in with [[Oxylus]], an [[Aetolia]]n, who had lost one eye, riding on a horse (or mule) (thus making up the three eyes) and immediately pressed him into his service. The Heraclidae repaired their ships, sailed from Naupactus to [[Antirrhium]], and thence to [[Rhium]] in [[Peloponnesus]]. A decisive, battle was fought with [[Tisamenus]], son of [[Orestes]], the chief ruler in the peninsula, who was defeated and slain. The Heraclidae, who thus became practically masters of Peloponnesus, proceeded to distribute its territory among themselves by lot. [[Argos]] fell to [[Temenus]], [[Lacedaemon]] to [[Procles]] and [[Eurysthenes]], the twin sons of [[Aristodemus]]; and [[Messene]] to Cresphontes. The fertile district of [[Elis]] had been reserved by agreement for [[Oxylus]]. The Heraclidae ruled in Lacedaemon till [[221 BC]], but disappeared much earlier in the other countries. This conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians, commonly called the "Return of the Heraclidae," is represented as the recovery by the descendants of Heracles of the rightful inheritance of their hero ancestor and his sons. The Dorians followed the custom of other Greek tribes in claiming as ancestor for their ruling families one of the legendary heroes, but the traditions must not on that account be regarded as entirely mythical. They represent a joint invasion of Peloponnesus by Aetolians and Dorians, the latter having been driven southward from their original northern home under pressure from the [[Thessaly|Thessalians]]. It is noticeable that there is no mention of these Heraclidae or their invasion in [[Homer]] or [[Hesiod]]. [[Herodotus]] (vi. 52) speaks of poets who had celebrated their deeds, but these were limited to events immediately succeeding the death of Heracles. The story was first amplified by the Greek tragedians, who probably drew their inspiration from local legends, which glorified the services rendered by Athens to the rulers of Peloponnesus.

==Sources==
[[Apollodorus]] ii. 8; Diod. Sic. iv. 57, 58; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] i. 32, 41, ii. 13, 18, iii. I, iv. 3, v. 3; [[Euripides]], [[Heraclidae]]; - [[Pindar]], [[Pythia]], ix. 137; [[Herodotus]] ix. 27. See Muller's Dorians, I. ch. 3; Thirlwail, History of Greece, ch. vii.; Grote, Hist. of Greece, pt. i. ch. xviii.; Busolt, Griechische Geschichte, i. ch. ii. sec. 7, where a list of modern authorities is given.

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[[Category:Heracleidae]]
[[Category:Greek Mythological People]]

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Cresphontes - Revision history

Irlandos: /* Sources */

Irlandos at 09:37, March 18, 2006