Cymbalum - Revision history

Lazarus at 13:58, December 8, 2005

2005-12-08T13:58:48Z

Lazarus at 13:48, December 8, 2005

2005-12-08T13:48:17Z

Lazarus at 13:47, December 8, 2005

2005-12-08T13:47:27Z

Lazarus at 13:46, December 8, 2005

2005-12-08T13:46:09Z

New page

[[Image:Santouri-musician-street.jpg|thumb|250px|Street musician playing the '''sandouri''']]
==Overview==
The '''cymbalum''', '''cymbalom''', '''cimbalom''' (most common spelling), '''ţambal''', '''tsymbaly''', '''tsimbl''' or '''santouri''' is a [[musical instrument]] found mainly in the Roma music of Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. In Czechoslovakia it was also known as a '''Cimbal'''. It is related to the hammered dulcimer of Western Europe.

==History==

The small cymbalum developed from the Persian santur, which entered Europe during the Middle Ages. The instrument became popular with Romanian Roma musicians (lăutari) around the 19th century; by the end of the century was quite widespread, taking over from the [[cobza]]. [http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaMusic/tambal.htm] In Wallachia and Muntenia it is used almost as a percussion instrument. In Transylvania and Banat, the style of play is more tonal, heavy with arpeggios.
[[Image:Santouri03.jpg|frame|'''Santuri''' or '''Sanduri''' in Greece]]
The [[santur]] (also called [[santoor]] in India) spread throughout the world. It was not only modified by nomadic Roma people and brought to Eastern Europe and [[The Balkans]], but it also appeared in many other cultures:

*America: the Hammered Dulcimer
*China: The Yangqin
*Thai: The Kim
*Germany: The Hackbrett

==Types==
The small cymbalum is usually carried by the musician, using a strap around the player's neck and leaning one edge of the instrument against the player's waist. The cymbalum is played by striking two beaters against the strings.

In Hungary, a larger concert cymbalum, comparable in pitch range (and weight) to a small [[piano]] - but still played in the normal way with beaters - was first developed by József Schunda in the [[1870s]]. It stands on four legs, has many more strings, and the later models had a damping pedal. [Prior to this, the player damped the strings by using his coat sleeves]. This instrument eventually found its way to districts of Romania because these were all part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.

A small cymbalum was also later produced in Ukraine during the [[1950s]] that came with attachable legs and dampers but could be carried more easily than a concert instrument. These instruments were produced by the Chernihiv factory which produced many types of folk instruments.

==Players and places==

*[[Aristides Moschos]]

The instrument is known by different names in different countries and when played in different styles, roughly:
* Greece: '''sandouri'''
* Hungary: '''cimbalom'''
* Slovakia: '''cimbal'''
* Romania: '''ţambal'''
* Belarus: '''tsymbaly''' (цымбалы)
* Ukraine: '''tsymbaly''' (цимбали)
* Russia: '''tsymbaly''' (цимбалы)
* Slovenia: '''čembale'''
*Klezmer & Jewish music: '''tsimbl'''

[[Category:String instruments]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:Santouri-musician-street.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Athens]] street musician playing the '''sandouri''']]
 ==Overview==
-The '''cymbalum''', '''cymbalom''', '''cimbalom''' (most common spelling), '''&#355;ambal''', '''tsymbaly''', '''tsimbl''' or '''santouri''' is a [[musical instrument]] found mainly in the Roma music of Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. In Czechoslovakia it was also known as a '''Cimbal'''. It is related to the hammered dulcimer of Western Europe.
+The '''cymbalum''', '''cymbalom''', '''cimbalom''' (most common spelling), '''&#355;ambal''', '''tsymbaly''', '''tsimbl''' or '''santouri''' is a musical instrument found mainly in the Roma music of Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. In Czechoslovakia it was also known as a '''Cimbal'''. It is related to the hammered dulcimer of Western Europe.
 ==History==
 [[Image:Santouri03.jpg|frame|'''Santuri''' or '''Sanduri''' in Greece]]
 The '''santur''' (also called '''santoor''' in India) spread throughout the world. It was not only modified by nomadic Roma people and brought to Eastern Europe and [[The Balkans]], but it also appeared in many other cultures:

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The small cymbalum developed from the Persian santur, which entered Europe during the Middle Ages. The instrument became popular with Romanian Roma musicians (l&#259;utari) around the 19th century; by the end of the century was quite widespread, taking over from the [[cobza]]. [http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaMusic/tambal.htm] In Wallachia and Muntenia it is used almost as a percussion instrument. In Transylvania and Banat, the style of play is more tonal, heavy with arpeggios.
 [[Image:Santouri03.jpg|frame|'''Santuri''' or '''Sanduri''' in Greece]]
-The [[santur]] (also called [[santoor]] in India) spread throughout the world. It was not only modified by nomadic Roma people and brought to Eastern Europe and [[The Balkans]], but it also appeared in many other cultures:
+The '''santur''' (also called '''santoor''' in India) spread throughout the world. It was not only modified by nomadic Roma people and brought to Eastern Europe and [[The Balkans]], but it also appeared in many other cultures:
 *America: the Hammered Dulcimer

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Santouri-musician-street.jpg|thumb|250px|Street musician playing the '''sandouri''']]
+[[Image:Santouri-musician-street.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Athens]] street musician playing the '''sandouri''']]
 ==Overview==
 The '''cymbalum''', '''cymbalom''', '''cimbalom''' (most common spelling), '''&#355;ambal''', '''tsymbaly''', '''tsimbl''' or '''santouri''' is a [[musical instrument]] found mainly in the Roma music of Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. In Czechoslovakia it was also known as a '''Cimbal'''. It is related to the hammered dulcimer of Western Europe.
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 A small cymbalum was also later produced in Ukraine during the [[1950s]] that came with attachable legs and dampers but could be carried more easily than a concert instrument. These instruments were produced by the Chernihiv factory which produced many types of folk instruments.
-==Players and places==
+==Players==
 *[[Aristides Moschos]]
 The instrument is known by different names in different countries and when played in different styles, roughly: