Dorians - Revision history

Irlandos at 11:03, July 20, 2010

2010-07-20T11:03:14Z

Irlandos at 17:23, June 24, 2006

2006-06-24T17:23:51Z

Irlandos: /* Bibliography */

2006-05-22T19:29:00Z

Bibliography

Irlandos at 19:02, March 20, 2006

2006-03-20T19:02:52Z

Irlandos: /* External links */

2006-01-17T13:31:37Z

External links

Irlandos at 13:31, January 17, 2006

2006-01-17T13:31:12Z

New page

The '''Dorians''' were one of the ancient [[Hellenic]] tribes acknowledged by Greek writers. Traditional accounts place their origins in the north, north-eastern regions of Greece, ancient [[Macedonia]] and [[Epirus]], whence obscure circumstances drove them south into [[Attica]] and the [[Peloponnesus]], to certain [[Aegean_Sea|Aegean]] islands, and to the SW coast of [[Asia Minor]]. Late mythology gave them an eponymous founder, a certain "[[Dorus]]", son of "[[Hellen]]", the mythological patriarch of the [[Hellenes]].

Beginning about 1150 BC, the Dorians invaded the Greek mainland, the [[Peloponnessus]], [[Crete]] and other places throughout the Mediterranean, disrupting the [[Bronze Age]] Mycenaean civilization. Peloponnesian cities that the Dorians invaded include [[Corinth]], [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], [[Sparta]] and [[Mycenae]]. Many archaeologists attribute the destruction of Mycenae, a pivotal Mycenaean city, to these invading Dorians.

Though most of the Doric invaders settled in the Peloponesse, they also settled on [[Rhodes]] and in Asia Minor, where in later times the Dorian Hexapolis (the six Dorian cities) would arise: [[Halicarnassus]], [[Kos|Cos]], [[Cnidos]] (Asia Minor); [[Lindos]], [[Kameiros]] (Camiros), and [[Ialyssos]] (in Rhodes). These six cities would later become rivals with the [[Ionia]]n cities of Asia Minor. The Dorians also invaded [[Crete]]. These origin traditions remained strong into classical times: [[Thucydides]] saw the[[ Peloponnesian War]] in part as "Ionians fighting against Dorians" and reported the tradition that the Syracusans in Sicily were of Dorian descent ([http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/thucydides/thucydides-passages.php?pleaseget=7.56-6 Thucydides, 7.57]). Other such "Dorian" colonies, originally from Corinth, Megara, and the Dorian islands, dotted the southern coasts of Sicily from Syracuse to Selinus. Culturally, in addition to their Doric dialect of Greek, these colonies retained their characteristic [[Hellenic calendar|Doric calendar]] revolving round a cycle of festivals of which the ''Hyacinthia'' and the [[Carneia]] were especially important (''EB'' 1911).

The [[Dorian invasion]] was partly responsible for the subsequent [[Greek Dark Ages]]. The written record is nonexistent; the Dorian migration is documented in the mute archaeological record: widespread burning and destruction of Bronze Age sites both in Crete and the mainland of Greece, many of which were reduced to villages or abandoned, and the introduction of iron-working ended the Bronze Age in the Aegean.

==The [[Dorian invasion]]==
The '''[[Dorian]] invasion''', more often called the '''Dorian migration''' in modern texts, is co-related with ash layers at Mycenaean sites and changes in burial practices, from Mycenaean group burials in [[tholos tomb]]s to individual burials and the burning of the corpse, previously unknown. Considered as an invasion, the advent of the Dorians is generally advanced to explain the swift collapse of [[Mycenaean]] civilization in ancient mainland [[Greece]]. Concurrent effects are the disruption of long-distance trade and possibilities of civil war and natural disaster, as well as the colonisation of islands in the Aegean sea and the west coast of Asia Minor.

==Mythic origins==
According to a myth based on an etymological fantasy, the Dorians were named for the minor district of Doris in northern Greece. Their leaders were mythologized as the [[Heracleidae]], the sons of the legendary hero [[Heracles]], and the Dorian incursion into Greece in the distant past was justified in the mythic theme of the "''Return'' of the Heracleidae". The most famous of Dorian groups were the [[Sparta|Spartans]], whose austere and martial lifestyle was much admired and feared.

==Doric dialect==

The Doric dialect was spoken along the coast of the [[Peloponnese]], in [[Crete]] and southwest [[Asia Minor]]. A close relationship between Doric, North-Western Greek and ancient Macedonian has been postulated. In later periods other dialects predominated, most notably the [[Attic Greek|Attic]], upon which the [[Koine Greek|Koine]] or common Greek language of the [[Hellenistic]] period was based. The main characteristic of Doric was the preservation of indoeuropean /a/(α) where Attic had /e/(η).

==See also==
The [[Doric order|Doric column]] in architecture and a [[Dorian mode]] in music. The column was noted for its simplicity and strength, the music for its martial qualities.
The Doric column is still widely used today, particularly in government buildings and other large edifices. See the [[Doric order]].

*[[Greek Dark Ages]]
*[[Sparta]]

== Bibliography ==
*''Die Dorier'' (''The Dorians''), [[Karl Otfried Müller]] (1824).
*''The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race'', Karl Otfried Müller, Eng. trans., Oxford, 1830. 2 vols.
*''The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe CA. 1200 B.C.'', Robert Drews, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1993.

== External links ==
*[http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=dorians&x=19&y=18 Meriam-Webster Online Dictionary]
*http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/aegean/theculturesofgreece/dorians.html
*[http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/aegean/theculturesofgreece/dorians.html Dorian invasion, also showing Ionian and Aeolian]
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/DIO_DRO/DORIANS.html ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' 1911:] "Dorians"

[[Category:History of Greece]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Beginning about 1150 BC, the Dorians invaded the Greek mainland, the [[Peloponnesus]], [[Crete]] and other places throughout the Mediterranean, disrupting the Bronze Age Mycenaean civilization. Peloponnesian cities that the Dorians invaded include [[Corinth]], [[Olympia]], [[Sparta]] and [[Mycenae]]. Many archaeologists attribute the destruction of Mycenae, a pivotal Mycenaean city, to these invading Dorians.
-Though most of the Doric invaders settled in the Peloponesse, they also settled on [[Rhodes]] and in Asia Minor, where in later times the Dorian Hexapolis (the six Dorian cities) would arise: [[Halicarnassus]], [[Kos|Cos]], [[Cnidos]] (Asia Minor); [[Lindos]],  [[Kameiros]] (Camiros), and [[Ialyssos]] (in Rhodes). These six cities would later become rivals with the [[Ionia]]n cities of Asia Minor. The Dorians also invaded [[Crete]]. These origin traditions remained strong into classical times: [[Thucydides]] saw the[[ Peloponnesian War]] in part as "Ionians fighting against Dorians" and reported the tradition that the Syracusans in Sicily were of Dorian descent ([http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/thucydides/thucydides-passages.php?pleaseget=7.56-6 Thucydides, 7.57]). Other such "Dorian" colonies, originally from Corinth, Megara, and the Dorian islands, dotted the southern coasts of Sicily from Syracuse to Selinus. Culturally, in addition to their Doric dialect of Greek, these colonies retained their characteristic [[Hellenic calendar|Doric calendar]] revolving round a cycle of festivals of which the ''Hyacinthia'' and the [[Carneia]] were especially important (''EB'' 1911).
+Though most of the Doric invaders settled in the Peloponesse, they also settled on [[Rhodes]] and in Asia Minor, where in later times the Dorian Hexapolis (the six Dorian cities) would arise: [[Halicarnassus]], [[Kos|Cos]], [[Cnidos]] (Asia Minor); [[Lindos]],  [[Kameiros]] (Camiros), and [[Ialyssos]] (in Rhodes). These six cities would later become rivals with the [[Ionia]]n cities of Asia Minor. The Dorians also invaded [[Crete]]. These origin traditions remained strong into classical times: [[Thucydides]] saw the[[ Peloponnesian War]] in part as "Ionians fighting against Dorians" and reported the tradition that the Syracusans in Sicily were of Dorian descent ([http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/thucydides/thucydides-passages.php?pleaseget=7.56-6 Thucydides, 7.57]). Other such "Dorian" colonies, originally from Corinth, Megara, and the Dorian islands, dotted the southern coasts of Sicily from [[Syracuse]] to [[Selinus]]. Culturally, in addition to their Doric dialect of Greek, these colonies retained their characteristic [[Hellenic calendar|Doric calendar]] revolving round a cycle of festivals of which the ''Hyacinthia'' and the [[Carneia]] were especially important (''EB'' 1911).
 The [[Dorian invasion]] was partly responsible for the subsequent [[Greek Dark Ages]]. The written record is nonexistent; the Dorian migration is documented in the mute archaeological record: widespread burning and destruction of Bronze Age sites both in Crete and the mainland of Greece, many of which were reduced to villages or abandoned, and the introduction of iron-working ended the Bronze Age in the Aegean.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The '''Dorians''' were one of the ancient [[Hellenic]] tribes acknowledged by Greek writers. Traditional accounts place their origins in the north, north-eastern regions of Greece, ancient [[Macedonia]] and [[Epirus]], whence obscure circumstances drove them south into [[Attica]] and the [[Peloponnesus]], to certain [[Aegean_Sea|Aegean]] islands, and to the SW coast of [[Asia Minor]]. Late mythology gave them an eponymous founder, a certain "[[Dorus]]", son of "[[Hellen]]", the mythological patriarch of the [[Hellenes]].
-Beginning about 1150 BC, the Dorians invaded the Greek mainland, the [[Peloponnesus]], [[Crete]] and other places throughout the Mediterranean, disrupting the Bronze Age Mycenaean civilization. Peloponnesian cities that the Dorians invaded include [[Corinth]], [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]], [[Sparta]] and [[Mycenae]]. Many archaeologists attribute the destruction of Mycenae, a pivotal Mycenaean city, to these invading Dorians.
+Beginning about 1150 BC, the Dorians invaded the Greek mainland, the [[Peloponnesus]], [[Crete]] and other places throughout the Mediterranean, disrupting the Bronze Age Mycenaean civilization. Peloponnesian cities that the Dorians invaded include [[Corinth]], [[Olympia]], [[Sparta]] and [[Mycenae]]. Many archaeologists attribute the destruction of Mycenae, a pivotal Mycenaean city, to these invading Dorians.
 Though most of the Doric invaders settled in the Peloponesse, they also settled on [[Rhodes]] and in Asia Minor, where in later times the Dorian Hexapolis (the six Dorian cities) would arise: [[Halicarnassus]], [[Kos|Cos]], [[Cnidos]] (Asia Minor); [[Lindos]],  [[Kameiros]] (Camiros), and [[Ialyssos]] (in Rhodes). These six cities would later become rivals with the [[Ionia]]n cities of Asia Minor. The Dorians also invaded [[Crete]]. These origin traditions remained strong into classical times: [[Thucydides]] saw the[[ Peloponnesian War]] in part as "Ionians fighting against Dorians" and reported the tradition that the Syracusans in Sicily were of Dorian descent ([http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/thucydides/thucydides-passages.php?pleaseget=7.56-6 Thucydides, 7.57]). Other such "Dorian" colonies, originally from Corinth, Megara, and the Dorian islands, dotted the southern coasts of Sicily from Syracuse to Selinus. Culturally, in addition to their Doric dialect of Greek, these colonies retained their characteristic [[Hellenic calendar|Doric calendar]] revolving round a cycle of festivals of which the ''Hyacinthia'' and the [[Carneia]] were especially important (''EB'' 1911).

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 == Bibliography ==
-*''Die Dorier'' (''The Dorians''), [[Karl Otfried Müller]] (1824).
+*''Die Dorier'' (''The Dorians''), Karl Otfried Müller (1824).
 *''The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race'', Karl Otfried Müller, Eng. trans., Oxford, 1830. 2 vols.
 *''The End of the Bronze Age:  Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe CA. 1200 B.C.'', Robert Drews, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1993.

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/DIO_DRO/DORIANS.html ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' 1911:] "Dorians"
 [[Category:History of Greece]]
 [[Category:Ancient Greece]]