Mary, the mother of Jesus - Revision history

Irlandos: /* Titles */

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Irlandos at 13:52, January 16, 2008

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Irlandos: /* In Eastern Christianity */

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In Eastern Christianity

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In Eastern Christianity

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Irlandos at 13:34, January 16, 2008

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 == Titles ==
-Mary is referred to by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], Oriental Orthodoxy and all Eastern Catholic Churches as '''Theotokos''', a title recognized at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] (held at [[Ephesus]] to address the teachings of [[Nestorius]], in [[431]]). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer". The equivalent phrase "Mater Dei" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek, in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God",<ref>[http://www.catecheticsonline.com/SourcesofDogma2.php Denziger §111a]</ref> so as to emphasize that Mary's child, Jesus Christ, is in fact God.
+Mary is referred to by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], Oriental Orthodoxy and all Eastern Catholic Churches as '''[[Theotokos]]''', a title recognized at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] (held at [[Ephesus]] to address the teachings of [[Nestorius]], in [[431]]). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer". The equivalent phrase "Mater Dei" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek, in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God",<ref>[http://www.catecheticsonline.com/SourcesofDogma2.php Denziger §111a]</ref> so as to emphasize that Mary's child, Jesus Christ, is in fact God.
 Mary is also referred to as '''Panagia''' (All Holy). Many churches, monasteries and towns are named after Panagia including [[Panagia (Lemnos)|Panagia]], [[Lemnos]]; [[Panagia (Kasos)|Panagia]], [[Kassos]]; [[Megali Panagia]] in [[Chalcidice]], etc.

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 ==== In Eastern Christianity ====
-In the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Oriental Orthodox traditions, the Ever-Virgin Mary, the Theotokos, died, after having lived a holy life. Eastern Orthodox do not believe in the immaculate conception, with the exception of some Old Believers, on the contrary believing that she was the best example of a human lifestyle. The surviving apostles were present at and conducted her funeral. However Thomas was delayed and arrived a few days later. He said that he would not believe this had happened unless he saw the body of Mary. Peter expressed dismay that Thomas continued to doubt what the other apostles told him. Upon opening the tomb, Thomas revealed that he had witnessed the absent body of the Theotokos being taken to heaven by angels. While every Orthodox Christian believes this to be true, the Orthodox have never formally made it a doctrine. It remains a holy mystery. The Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholics celebrate this event on the 15th of August. The feast day of the ''[[Dormition]]'' ("falling asleep") of the Theotokos is preceded by a two week fasting period.
+In the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Oriental Orthodox traditions, the Ever-Virgin Mary, the Theotokos, died, after having lived a holy life. Eastern Orthodox do not believe in the immaculate conception, with the exception of some Old Believers, on the contrary believing that she was the best example of a human lifestyle. The surviving apostles were present at and conducted her funeral. However Thomas was delayed and arrived a few days later. He said that he would not believe this had happened unless he saw the body of Mary. Peter expressed dismay that Thomas continued to doubt what the other apostles told him. Upon opening the tomb, Thomas revealed that he had witnessed the absent body of the Theotokos being taken to heaven by angels. While every Orthodox Christian believes this to be true, the Orthodox have never formally made it a doctrine. It remains a holy mystery. The Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholics celebrate this event on the 15th of August. The feast day of the ''[[Dormition of Theotokos|Dormition]]'' ("falling asleep") of the Theotokos is preceded by a two week fasting period.
 == Christian veneration of Mary ==

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 ==== In Eastern Christianity ====
-In the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Oriental Orthodox traditions, the Ever-Virgin Mary, the [[Theotokos]], died, after having lived a holy life. Eastern Orthodox do not believe in the immaculate conception, with the exception of some Old Believers, on the contrary believing that she was the best example of a human lifestyle. The surviving apostles were present at and conducted her funeral. However Thomas was delayed and arrived a few days later. He said that he would not believe this had happened unless he saw the body of Mary. Peter expressed dismay that Thomas continued to doubt what the other apostles told him. Upon opening the tomb, Thomas revealed that he had witnessed the absent body of the Theotokos being taken to heaven by angels. While every Orthodox Christian believes this to be true, the Orthodox have never formally made it a doctrine. It remains a holy mystery. The Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholics celebrate this event on the 15th of August. The feast day of the ''[[Dormition]]'' ("falling asleep") of the Theotokos is preceded by a two week fasting period.
+In the Eastern Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Oriental Orthodox traditions, the Ever-Virgin Mary, the Theotokos, died, after having lived a holy life. Eastern Orthodox do not believe in the immaculate conception, with the exception of some Old Believers, on the contrary believing that she was the best example of a human lifestyle. The surviving apostles were present at and conducted her funeral. However Thomas was delayed and arrived a few days later. He said that he would not believe this had happened unless he saw the body of Mary. Peter expressed dismay that Thomas continued to doubt what the other apostles told him. Upon opening the tomb, Thomas revealed that he had witnessed the absent body of the Theotokos being taken to heaven by angels. While every Orthodox Christian believes this to be true, the Orthodox have never formally made it a doctrine. It remains a holy mystery. The Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholics celebrate this event on the 15th of August. The feast day of the ''[[Dormition]]'' ("falling asleep") of the Theotokos is preceded by a two week fasting period.
 == Christian veneration of Mary ==

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 Mary is referred to by the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], Oriental Orthodoxy and all Eastern Catholic Churches as '''Theotokos''', a title recognized at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] (held at [[Ephesus]] to address the teachings of [[Nestorius]], in [[431]]). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetrix") literally means "Godbearer". The equivalent phrase "Mater Dei" (Mother of God) is more common in Latin and so also in the other languages used in the Western Catholic Church, but this same phrase in Greek, in the abbreviated form of the first and last letter of the two words (ΜΡ ΘΥ), is the indication attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God",<ref>[http://www.catecheticsonline.com/SourcesofDogma2.php Denziger §111a]</ref> so as to emphasize that Mary's child, Jesus Christ, is in fact God.
-Mary is also referred to as '''Panagia''' (All Holy). Many churches, monasteries and towns are named after Panagia including [[Panagia (Lemnos)|Panagia]], [[Lemnos]]; [[Panagia (Kasos)|Panagia]], [[Kasos]]; [[Megali Panagia]] in [[Chalcidice]], etc.
+Mary is also referred to as '''Panagia''' (All Holy). Many churches, monasteries and towns are named after Panagia including [[Panagia (Lemnos)|Panagia]], [[Lemnos]]; [[Panagia (Kasos)|Panagia]], [[Kassos]]; [[Megali Panagia]] in [[Chalcidice]], etc.
 In the Orthodox Church Mary is often referred to as '''Aeiparthenos''' (Ever-Virgin) in the belief that she stayed a virgin even after her wedding to [[Saint Joseph]]. The Orthodox hold that the children mentioned in the Bible as brothers of Jesus (James, Joseph or Joses, Simon and Judas)<ref>Matthew 13:54–56; Mark 6:3; Acts 1:14.</ref>  were in fact children of Joseph from a previous marriage.

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 Mary is also referred to as '''Panagia''' (All Holy). Many churches, monasteries and towns are named after Panagia including [[Panagia (Lemnos)|Panagia]], [[Lemnos]]; [[Panagia (Kasos)|Panagia]], [[Kasos]]; [[Megali Panagia]] in [[Chalcidice]], etc.
-In the Orthodox Church Mary is often referred to as '''Aeiparthenos''' (Ever-Virgin) in the belief that she stayed a virgin even after her wedding to [[Saint Joseph]]. The Orthodox hold that the children mentioned in the Bible as brothers of Jesus (James, Joseph or Joses, Simon and Judas) were in fact children of Joseph from a previous marriage.
+In the Orthodox Church Mary is often referred to as '''Aeiparthenos''' (Ever-Virgin) in the belief that she stayed a virgin even after her wedding to [[Saint Joseph]]. The Orthodox hold that the children mentioned in the Bible as brothers of Jesus (James, Joseph or Joses, Simon and Judas)<ref>Matthew 13:54–56; Mark 6:3; Acts 1:14.</ref>  were in fact children of Joseph from a previous marriage.
 == Ancient sources ==

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	Christian churches teach various doctrines concerning Mary, and she is the subject of much veneration. The area of Christian theology concerning her is known as Mariology. The conception of her son Jesus is believed to have been an act of the [[Holy Spirit]], and to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah that a virgin (or maiden) would bear a son who would be called Immanuel ("God with us").<ref>		Christian churches teach various doctrines concerning Mary, and she is the subject of much veneration. The area of Christian theology concerning her is known as Mariology. The conception of her son Jesus is believed to have been an act of the [[Holy Spirit]], and to fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah that a virgin (or maiden) would bear a son who would be called Immanuel ("God with us").<ref>

−	The Hebrew text is ambiguous as to whether the woman in question is a "young woman" or a "virgin"; Matthew, following the Jewish Septuagint translation into [[Greek language\|Greek]] gives "virgin" unambiguously.</ref> The Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] venerate her as the Ever-Virgin Mother of God ([[Theotokos]]), who was specially favoured by God's grace (Catholics, but not Orthodox, hold that she was conceived without original sin) and who, when her earthly life had been completed, was [[Assumption of Mary\|assumed bodily into Heaven]]. Some Protestants, including certain Anglicans, Methodists and Lutherans, embrace veneration of Mary and also hold some of these doctrines. Others, especially in the Reformed tradition, question or even condemn the devotional and doctrinal position of Mary in the above traditions. Mary also holds a revered position in Islam.	+	The Hebrew text is ambiguous as to whether the woman in question is a "young woman" or a "virgin"; Matthew, following the Jewish Septuagint translation into [[Greek language\|Greek]] gives "virgin" unambiguously.</ref> The Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] venerate her as the Ever-Virgin Mother of God ('''Theotokos'''), who was specially favoured by God's grace (Catholics, but not Orthodox, hold that she was conceived without original sin) and who, when her earthly life had been completed, was [[Assumption of Mary\|assumed bodily into Heaven]]. Some Protestants, including certain Anglicans, Methodists and Lutherans, embrace veneration of Mary and also hold some of these doctrines. Others, especially in the Reformed tradition, question or even condemn the devotional and doctrinal position of Mary in the above traditions. Mary also holds a revered position in Islam.

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 == See also ==
 * [[Dormition of the Theotokos]]
 * [[Virgin Birth of Jesus]]
 == Footnotes ==