Nikolaos Zachariadis - Revision history

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'''Nikolaos Zachariadis''' ([[1903]]-[[1973]]) was the General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Greece]] ([[KKE]]) from [[1931]] to [[1956]].

Born in [[Adrianopole]] in 1903, the son of an employee of the Ottoman tobacco monopoly. He worked as a seaman on the Black Sea, where he came under the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution. He studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV) in Moscow.

In 1923, he was sent back to Greece to organise the [[Federation of Communist Youths of Greece]] (OKNE). Imprisoned, he subsequently fled to the Soviet Union. In [[1931]], he was sent back to Greece to restore order in the highly factionalised KKE and in the same year (other accounts claim [[1935]]), he was appointed, by order of Stalin and the Comintern, General Secretary of KKE.

In [[August]] [[1936]], he was arrested by the State Security of the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] regime and imprisoned. From prison, he issued a letter urging all Greeks to rally behind Metaxas in resisting the Italian invasion of October [[1940]]. This was given great publicity, although in two further letters he reiterated the standard Comintern line that the war between Britain and Germany was "imperialist".

After the German invasion of Greece, in [[1941]] the Germans tranferred him to the Dachau concentration camp, from where he was released in May [[1945]]. Returning to [[Greece]], he reassumed the leadership of the KKE from [[Giorgios Siantos]], acting general secretary of the KKE since January 1942.

In November [[1948]], he purged his arch-rival [[Markos Vafiadis]] and assumed control of the communist Democratic Army. After the defeat of the communist side in the Greek Civil War, Zachariadis denounced Siantos as a "British agent".

In 1949, the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].

Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in [[May]] [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in [[February]] [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide in [[1973]].

[[Category:1903 births|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]
[[Category:1973 deaths|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]
[[Category:Greek politicians|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]

{{start box}}
{{succession box|title=Head of Provisional Democratic Government|before=[[Markos Vafiadis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Partsalidis]]|years= February 7, 1949 - April 3, 1949}}
{{end box}}

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 After the German invasion of Greece, in [[1941]] the Germans tranferred him to the Dachau concentration camp, from where he was released in May [[1945]]. Returning to [[Greece]], he reassumed the leadership of the KKE from [[Giorgios Siantos]], acting general secretary of the KKE since January 1942.
-In November [[1948]], he purged his arch-rival [[Markos Vafiadis]] and assumed control of the communist [[Democratic Army of Greece]]. After the defeat of the communist side in the Greek Civil War, Zachariadis denounced Siantos as a "British agent".
+In November [[1948]], he purged his arch-rival [[Markos Vafiadis]] and assumed control of the communist [[Democratic Army of Greece]]. After the defeat of the communist side in the Greek [[Civil War]], Zachariadis denounced Siantos as a "British agent".
 In [[1949]], the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Nikolaos Zachariadis''' ([[1903]]-[[1973]]) was the General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of Greece]] ([[KKE]]) from [[1931]] to [[1956]].
-Born in [[Adrianople]] in 1903, the son of an employee of the Ottoman tobacco monopoly. He worked as a seaman on the Black Sea, where he came under the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution. He studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV) in Moscow.
+Born in [[Adrianople]] on [[April 27]], [[1903]], the son of an employee of the Ottoman tobacco monopoly. He worked as a seaman on the Black Sea, where he came under the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution. He studied at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV) in Moscow.
-In 1923, he was sent back to Greece to organise the [[Federation of Communist Youths of Greece]] (OKNE). Imprisoned, he subsequently fled to the Soviet Union. In [[1931]], he was sent back to Greece to restore order in the highly factionalised KKE and in the same year (other accounts claim [[1935]]), he was appointed, by order of Stalin and the Comintern, General Secretary of KKE.
+In [[1923]], he was sent back to Greece to organise the [[Federation of Communist Youths of Greece]] (OKNE). Imprisoned, he subsequently fled to the Soviet Union. In [[1931]], he was sent back to Greece to restore order in the highly factionalised KKE and in the same year (other accounts claim [[1935]]), he was appointed, by order of Stalin and the Comintern, General Secretary of KKE.
 In August [[1936]], he was arrested by the State Security of the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] regime and imprisoned. From prison, he issued a letter urging all Greeks to rally behind Metaxas in resisting the Italian invasion of October [[1940]]. This was given great publicity, although in two further letters he reiterated the standard Comintern line that the war between Britain and Germany was "imperialist".
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 After the German invasion of Greece, in [[1941]] the Germans tranferred him to the Dachau concentration camp, from where he was released in May [[1945]]. Returning to [[Greece]], he reassumed the leadership of the KKE from [[Giorgios Siantos]], acting general secretary of the KKE since January 1942.
-In November [[1948]], he purged his arch-rival [[Markos Vafiadis]] and assumed control of the communist Democratic Army. After the defeat of the communist side in the Greek Civil War, Zachariadis denounced Siantos as a "British agent".
+In November [[1948]], he purged his arch-rival [[Markos Vafiadis]] and assumed control of the communist [[Democratic Army of Greece]]. After the defeat of the communist side in the Greek Civil War, Zachariadis denounced Siantos as a "British agent".
-In 1949, the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].
+In [[1949]], the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].
 Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in May [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in February [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide on [[August 8]], [[1973]].

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 In 1923, he was sent back to Greece to organise the [[Federation of Communist Youths of Greece]] (OKNE). Imprisoned, he subsequently fled to the Soviet Union. In [[1931]], he was sent back to Greece to restore order in the highly factionalised KKE and in the same year (other accounts claim [[1935]]), he was appointed, by order of Stalin and the Comintern, General Secretary of KKE.
-In [[August]] [[1936]], he was arrested by the State Security of the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] regime and imprisoned. From prison, he issued a letter urging all Greeks to rally behind Metaxas in resisting the Italian invasion of October [[1940]]. This was given great publicity, although in two further letters he reiterated the standard Comintern line that the war between Britain and Germany was "imperialist".
+In August [[1936]], he was arrested by the State Security of the [[Ioannis Metaxas]] regime and imprisoned. From prison, he issued a letter urging all Greeks to rally behind Metaxas in resisting the Italian invasion of October [[1940]]. This was given great publicity, although in two further letters he reiterated the standard Comintern line that the war between Britain and Germany was "imperialist".
 After the German invasion of Greece, in [[1941]] the Germans tranferred him to the Dachau concentration camp, from where he was released in May [[1945]]. Returning to [[Greece]], he reassumed the leadership of the KKE from [[Giorgios Siantos]], acting general secretary of the KKE since January 1942.
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 In 1949, the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].
-Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in [[May]] [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in [[February]] [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide on [[August 8]], [[1973]].
+Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in May [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in February [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide on [[August 8]], [[1973]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, July 29, 2006
Line 13:		Line 13:
	In 1949, the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].		In 1949, the KKE leadership and the remnants of the Democratic Army fled into exile in the communist states of the Eastern bloc. Zachariadis' tough leadership of the KKE, his harsh treatment of dissenters, and his insistance on keeping units of the Democratic Army on a war footing, provoked serious rioting among exiled Greek communists in Tashkent in [[1955]].

−	Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in [[May]] [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in [[February]] [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide in [[1973]].	+	Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in [[May]] [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in [[February]] [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide on [[August 8]], [[1973]].

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 Following Nikita Khruschev's calls for de-Stalinisation and the intervention of other communist parties, in [[May]] [[1956]], the 6th General Assembly of KKE removed Zachariadis from the post of general secretary, and in [[February]] [[1957]] he was expelled from the party. He spent the rest of his life in exile in Siberia, initially in Yakutia and later in Surgut, where he comitted suicide in [[1973]].
@@ Line 21: / Line 26: @@
 [[Category:Greek politicians|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]
 [[Category:suicides|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]
+[[Category:Communists|Zachariadis, Nikolaos]]

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 {{start box}}
-{{succession box|title=Head of Provisional Democratic Government|before=[[Markos Vafiadis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Partsalidis]]|years=	February 7, 1949 - April 3, 1949}}
+{{succession box|title=[[Heads of Provisional Democratic Government|Head of Provisional Democratic Government]]|before=[[Markos Vafiadis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Partsalidis]]|years=	February 7, 1949 - April 3, 1949}}
 {{end box}}