Philip II of Macedon - Revision history

Irlandos at 07:58, August 21, 2011

2011-08-21T07:58:22Z

Irlandos at 10:21, March 15, 2008

2008-03-15T10:21:57Z

Irlandos at 16:21, February 19, 2008

2008-02-19T16:21:42Z

Irlandos at 08:10, September 29, 2007

2007-09-29T08:10:06Z

Irlandos: /* External links */

2007-09-29T08:05:52Z

External links

Irlandos: /* External links */

2006-07-15T21:48:32Z

External links

Irlandos at 21:28, March 16, 2006

2006-03-16T21:28:06Z

Irlandos: /* Theory on Philip's assassination */

2005-12-20T15:38:13Z

Theory on Philip's assassination

Irlandos: /* External links */

2005-11-18T12:10:20Z

External links

Irlandos: /* Archaelogical findings */

2005-09-20T19:23:01Z

Archaelogical findings

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:58, August 21, 2011
Line 49:		Line 49:
	[[Category:Ancient Greeks]]		[[Category:Ancient Greeks]]
	[[Category:Macedonian monarchs]]		[[Category:Macedonian monarchs]]
		+	[[Category:336 BC deaths]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, March 15, 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''Philip II of Macedon''' ([[382 BC]]–[[336 BC]]; [[Greek language\|Greek]]: ~~ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΣ~~) was the [[King of Macedon]] from [[359 BC]] until his death. He was the father of [[Alexander the Great]] (Alexander III of Macedon) and [[Philip III of Macedon]].	+	'''Philip II of Macedon''' ([[382 BC]]–[[336 BC]]; [[Greek language\|Greek]]: Φίλιππος) was the [[King of Macedon]] from [[359 BC]] until his death. He was the father of [[Alexander the Great]] (Alexander III of Macedon) and [[Philip III of Macedon]].

	Born in [[Pella]], Philip was the youngest son of [[Amyntas III of Macedon\|King Amyntas III]] and [[Eurydice II of Macedon\|Queen Eurydice]]. In his youth (ca. [[368 BC]]–[[365 BC]]) Philip was a hostage in [[Thebes]], the leading city of [[Greece]] at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from [[Epaminondas]], was involved in a pederastic relationship with [[Pelopidas]] and lived with [[Pammenes]], who was an enthusiastic advocate of the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]]. In [[364 BC]], Philip returned to [[Macedonia]]. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, [[Alexander II of Macedon\|King Alexander II]] and [[Perdiccas III of Macedon\|Perdiccas III]], allowed him to take the throne in [[359 BC]]. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew [[Amyntas IV of Macedon\|Amyntas IV]], who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip managed to take the kingdom for himself that same year.		Born in [[Pella]], Philip was the youngest son of [[Amyntas III of Macedon\|King Amyntas III]] and [[Eurydice II of Macedon\|Queen Eurydice]]. In his youth (ca. [[368 BC]]–[[365 BC]]) Philip was a hostage in [[Thebes]], the leading city of [[Greece]] at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from [[Epaminondas]], was involved in a pederastic relationship with [[Pelopidas]] and lived with [[Pammenes]], who was an enthusiastic advocate of the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]]. In [[364 BC]], Philip returned to [[Macedonia]]. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, [[Alexander II of Macedon\|King Alexander II]] and [[Perdiccas III of Macedon\|Perdiccas III]], allowed him to take the throne in [[359 BC]]. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew [[Amyntas IV of Macedon\|Amyntas IV]], who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip managed to take the kingdom for himself that same year.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Philip II of Macedon''' ([[382 BC]]&ndash;[[336 BC]]; [[Greek language|Greek]]: &#934;&#921;&#923;&#921;&#928;&#928;&#927;&#931;) was the [[King of Macedon]] from [[359 BC]] until his death. He was the father of [[Alexander the Great]] (Alexander III of Macedon) and [[Philip III of Macedon]].
-Born in [[Pella]], Philip was the youngest son of [[Amyntas III of Macedon|King Amyntas III]] and [[Eurydice of Macedon|Queen Eurydice]]. In his youth (ca. [[368 BC]]&ndash;[[365 BC]]) Philip was a hostage in [[Thebes]], the leading city of [[Greece]] at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from [[Epaminondas]], was involved in a pederastic relationship with [[Pelopidas]] and lived with [[Pammenes]], who was an enthusiastic advocate of the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]]. In [[364 BC]], Philip returned to [[Macedonia]]. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, [[Alexander II of Macedon|King Alexander II]] and [[Perdiccas III of Macedon|Perdiccas III]], allowed him to take the throne in [[359 BC]]. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew [[Amyntas IV of Macedon|Amyntas IV]], who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip managed to take the kingdom for himself that same year.
+Born in [[Pella]], Philip was the youngest son of [[Amyntas III of Macedon|King Amyntas III]] and [[Eurydice II of Macedon|Queen Eurydice]]. In his youth (ca. [[368 BC]]&ndash;[[365 BC]]) Philip was a hostage in [[Thebes]], the leading city of [[Greece]] at that time. During his captivity in Thebes, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from [[Epaminondas]], was involved in a pederastic relationship with [[Pelopidas]] and lived with [[Pammenes]], who was an enthusiastic advocate of the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]]. In [[364 BC]], Philip returned to [[Macedonia]]. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, [[Alexander II of Macedon|King Alexander II]] and [[Perdiccas III of Macedon|Perdiccas III]], allowed him to take the throne in [[359 BC]]. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew [[Amyntas IV of Macedon|Amyntas IV]], who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip managed to take the kingdom for himself that same year.
 Philip's military skills and expansionist vision of Macedonian greatness brought him early success. The hill tribes were broken by a single battle in [[358 BC]], and Philip established his authority inland as far as [[Lake Ohrid]]. In [[357 BC]], he took the [[Athens|Athenian]] colony of [[Amphipolis]], which commanded the gold mines of [[Mount Pangaion]]. That same year Philip married the [[Epirus|Epirote]] princess [[Olympias]], who was the daughter of the king of the [[Molossians]]. In [[355 BC]], Philip conquered the town of [[Crenides]] and changed its name to [[Philippi]]. Philip also attacked [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]] and [[Maronea]], on the Thracian sea-board. He took [[Methone]] in [[354 BC]], a town which had belonged to Athens. During the siege of Methone, Philip lost an eye.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Not until his armies were opposed by Athens at [[Thermopylae]] in [[352 BC]] did Philip face any serious resistance. Philip did not attempt to advance into central Greece because the Athenians had occupied Thermopylae. Also in 352 BC, the Macedonian army won a complete victory over the [[Phocis|Phocians]] at the [[Battle of Crocus Field]]. This battle made Philip ''tagus'' of [[Thessaly]], and he claimed as his own [[Magnesia]], with the important harbour of [[Gulf of Pagasae|Pagasae]].
-Hostilities with Athens did not yet take place, but Athens was threatened by the Macedonian party which Philip's gold created in [[Euboea]]. From 352 to [[346 BC]], Philip did not again come south. He was active in completing the subjugation of the Balkan hill-country to the west and north, and in reducing the Greek cities of the coast as far as the Hebrus ([[Maritza]]). For the chief of these coastal cities, [[Olynthus]], Philip continued to profess friendship until its neighboring cities were in his hands.
+Hostilities with Athens did not yet take place, but Athens was threatened by the Macedonian party which Philip's gold created in [[Euboea]]. From 352 to [[346 BC]], Philip did not again come south. He was active in completing the subjugation of the Balkan hill-country to the west and north, and in reducing the Greek cities of the coast as far as the [[Hebrus]] (Maritza). For the chief of these coastal cities, [[Olynthus]], Philip continued to profess friendship until its neighboring cities were in his hands.
 In [[349 BC]], Philip started the siege of [[Olynthus]]. Olynthus at first allied itself with Philip, but later shifted its allegiance to Athens. The Athenians did nothing to help Olynthus. Philip finally took Olynthus in [[348 BC]] and razed the city to the ground. In 346 BC, he intervened effectively in the war between Thebes and the Phocians, but his wars with Athens continued intermittently.
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 In [[340 BC]], Philip started the siege of [[Perinthus]]. Philip began another siege in [[339 BC]] of the city of [[Byzantium]]. After unsuccessful sieges of both cities, Philip's influence all over Greece was compromised.
-Philip defeated an alliance of Thebans and Athenians at the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] in [[338 BC]].  He erected a memorial of a marble lion to the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]] for their bravery that still stands today.  Philip created and led the [[League of Corinth]] in [[337 BC]]. Members of the League agreed never to wage war against each other, unless it was to suppress [[revolution]]. Philip was elected as leader (''hegemon'') of the army of invasion against the [[Persian Empire]]. In [[336 BC]], when the invasion of Persia was in its very early stage, Philip was assassinated by a lover named [[Pausanias (assassin)|Pausanias]].
+Philip defeated an alliance of Thebans and Athenians at the [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] in [[338 BC]].  He erected a memorial of a marble lion to the [[Sacred Band of Thebes]] for their bravery that still stands today.  Philip created and led the [[League of Corinth]] in [[337 BC]]. Members of the League agreed never to wage war against each other, unless it was to suppress revolution. Philip was elected as leader (''hegemon'') of the army of invasion against the [[Persian Empire]]. In [[336 BC]], when the invasion of Persia was in its very early stage, Philip was assassinated by a lover named [[Pausanias (assassin)|Pausanias]].
 ==Theory on Philip's assassination==
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 *[http://www.livius.org/phi-php/philip/philip_ii.htm www.livius.org:Philip II of Macedonia]

@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
-<!--Categories-->
 [[Category:Alexander the Great]]
 [[Category:Ancient Greeks]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, July 15, 2006
Line 34:		Line 34:

	{{succession box\|title=[[King of Macedon]]\|before=[[Amyntas IV of Macedon\|Amyntas IV]]\|after=[[Alexander the Great\|Alexander III]]\|years=359 (or 356)-336}}		{{succession box\|title=[[King of Macedon]]\|before=[[Amyntas IV of Macedon\|Amyntas IV]]\|after=[[Alexander the Great\|Alexander III]]\|years=359 (or 356)-336}}
		+

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==Theory on Philip's assassination==
-According to [[Aristotle]] (''Politics'') and [[Diodorus Siculus]] (''Diodorus''), Pausanias was a young man who was having a sexual relationship with Philip.  However, Pausanias's place had been taken by another younger man of the same name that Philip loved more. The elder Pausanias denounced his younger rival as a [[whore]]. Unable to endure the insults from the elder Pausanias, the younger Pausanias had a conversation with [[Attalus (general)|Attalus]] and later committed [[suicide]]. Attalus then became enraged at the older Pausanias for provoking the suicide of his younger competitor and invited Pausanias to a feast where Attalus made him drunk and had him raped. After the rape Pausanias demanded vengeance from Philip.  Philip rebuked Pausanias because Attalus was one of his top generals and the uncle of his latest wife.  Pausanias is said to have bided his time until Philip's daughter's wedding.  When Philip was walking un-guarded, Pausanias stabbed him to death out of revenge.
+According to [[Aristotle]] (''Politics'') and [[Diodorus Siculus]] (''Diodorus''), Pausanias was a young man who was having a sexual relationship with Philip.  However, Pausanias's place had been taken by another younger man of the same name that Philip loved more. The elder Pausanias denounced his younger rival as a whore. Unable to endure the insults from the elder Pausanias, the younger Pausanias had a conversation with [[Attalus (general)|Attalus]] and later committed suicide. Attalus then became enraged at the older Pausanias for provoking the suicide of his younger competitor and invited Pausanias to a feast where Attalus made him drunk and had him raped. After the rape Pausanias demanded vengeance from Philip.  Philip rebuked Pausanias because Attalus was one of his top generals and the uncle of his latest wife.  Pausanias is said to have bided his time until Philip's daughter's wedding.  When Philip was walking un-guarded, Pausanias stabbed him to death out of revenge.
 ==Archaelogical findings==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:10, November 18, 2005
Line 41:		Line 41:

	[[Category:Alexander the Great]]		[[Category:Alexander the Great]]
		+	[[Category:Ancient Greeks]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:23, September 20, 2005
Line 25:		Line 25:


−	On [[November 8]], [[1977]], Greek archaeologist [[Manolis Andronikos]] announced that he had found the unopened tomb of Philip II at [[Vergina]] in [[Pieria prefecture]. The finds from this tomb were later included in the traveling exhibit ''The Search for Alexander'' displayed at four cities in the United States from [[1980]] to [[1982]]. While the discovery is of great archaeological importance, the identification of the tomb with Philip has been disputed.	+	On [[November 8]], [[1977]], Greek archaeologist [[Manolis Andronikos]] announced that he had found the unopened tomb of Philip II at [[Vergina]] in [[Pieria prefecture]]. The finds from this tomb were later included in the traveling exhibit ''The Search for Alexander'' displayed at four cities in the United States from [[1980]] to [[1982]]. While the discovery is of great archaeological importance, the identification of the tomb with Philip has been disputed.

	==External links==		==External links==