Difference between revisions of "100m"
(New page: '''100 m''' (one hundred metres) is the shortest outdoor sprint race distance in athletics. The reigning 100m Olympic champion is often named "the fastest man/woman in the world". On...) |
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!rowspan=1| 1 | !rowspan=1| 1 | ||
− | | 9.74 || +1.7|| | + | | 9.74 || +1.7|| Asafa Powell|| JAM || [[9 September]] [[2007]] || Rieti |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=1| 2 | !rowspan=1| 2 | ||
− | | 9.79 || +0.1|| Maurice Greene || | + | | 9.79 || +0.1|| Maurice Greene || USA || [[16 June]] [[1999]] || [[Athens]] |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=4| 3 | !rowspan=4| 3 | ||
− | |rowspan=4|9.84|| +0.7|| | + | |rowspan=4|9.84|| +0.7|| Donovan Bailey || CAN || [[27 July]] [[1996]] || Atlanta |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +0.2|| | + | | +0.2|| Bruny Surin || CAN || [[22 August]] [[1999]] || Seville |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +1.0|| rowspan=2| | + | | +1.0|| rowspan=2| Tyson Gay || rowspan=2| USA || [[18 August]] [[2006]] || Zürich |
|- | |- | ||
− | | −0.5|| [[24 June]] [[2007]] || | + | | −0.5|| [[24 June]] [[2007]] || Indianapolis |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=3| 6 | !rowspan=3| 6 | ||
− | |rowspan=3|9.85|| +1.2|| | + | |rowspan=3|9.85|| +1.2|| Leroy Burrell || USA || [[6 July]] [[1994]] || Lausanne |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +0.6|| | + | | +0.6|| Justin Gatlin || USA || [[22 August]] [[2004]] || [[Athens]] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +1.7|| | + | | +1.7|| Olusoji Fasuba || NGR || [[12 May]] [[2006]] || Doha |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=4| 9 | !rowspan=4| 9 | ||
− | |rowspan=4|9.86 || +1.2|| | + | |rowspan=4|9.86 || +1.2|| Carl Lewis || USA || [[25 August]] [[1991]] || Tokyo |
|- | |- | ||
− | | −0.4|| | + | | −0.4|| Frank Fredericks || NAM || [[3 July]] [[1996]] || Lausanne |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +1.8|| | + | | +1.8|| Ato Boldon || TRI || [[19 April]] [[1998]] || Walnut |
|- | |- | ||
− | | +0.6|| | + | | +0.6|| Francis Obikwelu || POR || [[22 August]] [[2004]] || [[Athens]] |
|} | |} | ||
==== Notes ==== | ==== Notes ==== | ||
<div class="references-small"> | <div class="references-small"> | ||
− | * Donovan Bailey's 9.84 at Atlanta on [[27 July]] [[1996]] is currently the | + | * Donovan Bailey's 9.84 at Atlanta on [[27 July]] [[1996]] is currently the Olympic record. |
* Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on [[12 May]] [[2006]], which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the performance was annulled in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006. | * Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on [[12 May]] [[2006]], which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the performance was annulled in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006. | ||
* Ben Johnson ran 9.79 at Seoul on [[24 September]] [[1988]], but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on [[30 August]] [[1987]] was invalidated. Carl Lewis's 9.92 in the Seoul race was therefore recognized as the world record, and his two prior runs of 9.93 were seen as having equalled the previous world record. | * Ben Johnson ran 9.79 at Seoul on [[24 September]] [[1988]], but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on [[30 August]] [[1987]] was invalidated. Carl Lewis's 9.92 in the Seoul race was therefore recognized as the world record, and his two prior runs of 9.93 were seen as having equalled the previous world record. | ||
− | * | + | * Tim Montgomery's time (9.78 at Paris on [[14 September]] [[2002]]) was invalidated following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges. The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77. |
</div> | </div> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
− | | 10.49 ||0.0|| | + | | 10.49 ||0.0|| Florence Griffith Joyner || USA || [[16 July]] [[1988]] || Indianapolis |
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
− | | 10.65A ||+1.1|| | + | | 10.65A ||+1.1|| Marion Jones || USA || [[12 September]] [[1998]] || Johannesburg |
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
− | | 10.73 ||+2.0|| | + | | 10.73 ||+2.0|| Christine Arron || FRA || [[19 August]] [[1998]] || Budapest |
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
− | | 10.74 ||+1.3|| | + | | 10.74 ||+1.3|| Merlene Ottey || JAM || [[7 September]] [[1996]] || Milan |
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
− | | 10.76 ||+1.7|| | + | | 10.76 ||+1.7|| Evelyn Ashford || USA || [[22 August]] [[1984]] || Zürich |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| 6 | !rowspan=2| 6 | ||
|rowspan=2|10.77 | |rowspan=2|10.77 | ||
− | ||+0.9|| | + | ||+0.9|| Irina Privalova || RUS || [[6 July]] [[1994]] || Lausanne |
|- | |- | ||
− | ||+0.7|| | + | ||+0.7|| Ivet Lalova || BUL || [[19 June]] [[2004]] || Plovdiv |
|- | |- | ||
! 8 | ! 8 | ||
− | | 10.78A ||+1.0|| | + | | 10.78A ||+1.0|| Dawn Sowell || USA || [[3 June]] [[1989]] || Provo |
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2| 9 | !rowspan=2| 9 | ||
|rowspan=2|10.79 | |rowspan=2|10.79 | ||
− | ||0.0|| | + | ||0.0|| Li Xuemei || CHN || [[18 October]] [[1997]] || Shanghai |
|- | |- | ||
− | ||−0.1|| | + | ||−0.1|| Inger Miller || USA || [[22 August]] [[1999]] || Seville |
|} | |} | ||
+ | == The 100m in Greece == | ||
Revision as of 16:38, January 25, 2008
100 m (one hundred metres) is the shortest outdoor sprint race distance in athletics. The reigning 100m Olympic champion is often named "the fastest man/woman in the world".
On an outdoor 400m running track, the 100m is run on the home straight, the start being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. Illegal drug use has been seen by some people as a means to gain a competitive edge; in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Ben Johnson, was stripped of his medal.
Contents
Record performances
Major 100m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach.
The men's world record has been improved upon eleven times since the introduction of electronic timing in 1968, never being surpassed by more than 0.05s at a time. The current men's world record of 9.74s is held by Asafa Powell of Jamaica, set in Rieti, Italy on 9 September 2007. The current women's world record of 10.49s belongs to Florence Griffith-Joyner, set in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988.
Due to the progression of record times compared to longer distances, the downward march of the 100m record has been criticized as more a measure of technological advances than athletic greatness.[1]
Start
At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks, although direct intimidation would be considered unsporting. The starter will keep the sprinters in the set position for an unpredictable time of around two seconds and then fire the starting gun.
The time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1s is considered a false start. The 0.1-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time it takes for a human to react to it.
For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule was allowing some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The new rule is that, after one false start, anyone responsible for a subsequent false start is disqualified immediately. This rule has led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage.
Climatic conditions
Climatic conditions are a crucial factor for good performances in the 100 m. Air resistance is the primary climatic factor in sprint performances. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0m/s is allowed for a 100m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal". Furthermore, sprint athletes perform better at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[2]
For example, on 13 April 1996, Obadele Thompson of Barbados ran the fastest 100m race ever in El Paso, Texas. He was clocked at 9.69s. However, it was achieved with a tail wind in excess of 5m/s, well over the IAAF legal limit of 2.0m/s, and the mark was not officially recognized.
Fastest 100 metres runners
Top twelve all-time athletes — men
Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 9.74 | +1.7 | Asafa Powell | JAM | 9 September 2007 | Rieti |
2 | 9.79 | +0.1 | Maurice Greene | USA | 16 June 1999 | Athens |
3 | 9.84 | +0.7 | Donovan Bailey | CAN | 27 July 1996 | Atlanta |
+0.2 | Bruny Surin | CAN | 22 August 1999 | Seville | ||
+1.0 | Tyson Gay | USA | 18 August 2006 | Zürich | ||
−0.5 | 24 June 2007 | Indianapolis | ||||
6 | 9.85 | +1.2 | Leroy Burrell | USA | 6 July 1994 | Lausanne |
+0.6 | Justin Gatlin | USA | 22 August 2004 | Athens | ||
+1.7 | Olusoji Fasuba | NGR | 12 May 2006 | Doha | ||
9 | 9.86 | +1.2 | Carl Lewis | USA | 25 August 1991 | Tokyo |
−0.4 | Frank Fredericks | NAM | 3 July 1996 | Lausanne | ||
+1.8 | Ato Boldon | TRI | 19 April 1998 | Walnut | ||
+0.6 | Francis Obikwelu | POR | 22 August 2004 | Athens |
Notes
- Donovan Bailey's 9.84 at Atlanta on 27 July 1996 is currently the Olympic record.
- Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on 12 May 2006, which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the performance was annulled in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006.
- Ben Johnson ran 9.79 at Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on 30 August 1987 was invalidated. Carl Lewis's 9.92 in the Seoul race was therefore recognized as the world record, and his two prior runs of 9.93 were seen as having equalled the previous world record.
- Tim Montgomery's time (9.78 at Paris on 14 September 2002) was invalidated following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges. The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.
Top ten all-time athletes — women
Rank | Time | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10.49 | 0.0 | Florence Griffith Joyner | USA | 16 July 1988 | Indianapolis |
2 | 10.65A | +1.1 | Marion Jones | USA | 12 September 1998 | Johannesburg |
3 | 10.73 | +2.0 | Christine Arron | FRA | 19 August 1998 | Budapest |
4 | 10.74 | +1.3 | Merlene Ottey | JAM | 7 September 1996 | Milan |
5 | 10.76 | +1.7 | Evelyn Ashford | USA | 22 August 1984 | Zürich |
6 | 10.77 | +0.9 | Irina Privalova | RUS | 6 July 1994 | Lausanne |
+0.7 | Ivet Lalova | BUL | 19 June 2004 | Plovdiv | ||
8 | 10.78A | +1.0 | Dawn Sowell | USA | 3 June 1989 | Provo |
9 | 10.79 | 0.0 | Li Xuemei | CHN | 18 October 1997 | Shanghai |
−0.1 | Inger Miller | USA | 22 August 1999 | Seville |
The 100m in Greece
References
- ↑ [http://www.slate.com/id/2174851 McClelland, Ted World's Fastest Sham Sports Nut column, Slate, 2007-09-27]
- ↑ 100 metres IAAF
Sources
External links
- International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) – official site
- World Masters Athletics - official site
A portion of content for this article is credited to Wikipedia. Content under GNU Free Documentation License(GFDL)