Eretria - Revision history

Irlandos at 08:37, March 17, 2006

2006-03-17T08:37:06Z

Irlandos at 08:35, March 17, 2006

2006-03-17T08:35:59Z

Irlandos at 10:26, January 27, 2006

2006-01-27T10:26:46Z

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{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0,5em; background:#FFDEAD;"

! align="center" colspan="2" | Statistics
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Prefecture]]: || [[Euboea]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Provinces of Greece|Province]]: || [[Province of Chalkida]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Seat: || [[Krieza]]
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top"
| Location: || {{coor dms|38|23|21|N|24|47|21|E|region:GR}}

|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Population: ([[1991]])  - Total  - Density¹  - Rank||  4,987  -/km² 
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| Elevation:  -lowest:  -centre:  -highest:|| [[Euboic Sea]] 8 m(centre) around 500 to 600 m
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[List of postal codes in Greece|Postal code]]: || 340 08
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Area codes in Greece|Area/distance code]]: || 11-30-[[Greece dialing code 22290|22290]]-6(030-22230)-5
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[YPES|Municipal code]]: || 1410
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[License plates in Greece|Car designation]]: || <code>XA</code>
|---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| 3-letter abbreviation: || ERE

|}

[[Image:ac.eretria.jpg|frame|right|''Statue of Theseus and Ariadne, from the Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria (6th century BC)'']]

'''Eretria''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Ερέτρια; see also [[List of traditional Greek place names]]) was a city of Ancient Greece, located on the western coast of the island of [[Euboea]] (modern Evvoia or Evia), facing the coast of [[Attica]] across the narrow Euboian Gulf. There is a modern Greek town of the same name on the ancient site.

The earliest surviving mention of Eretria was by [[Homer]] (''[[Iliad]]'' 2.537), who listed Eretria as one of the Greek cities which sent ships to the [[Trojan War]]. In the [[8th century BC]], Eretria and her near neighbour and rival, [[Chalcis]], were both powerful and prosperous trading cities, and the Eretrians controlled the Aegean islands of [[Andros]], [[Tenos]] and [[Ceos]]. They also held lands in [[Boeotia]] on the Greek mainland.

At the end of the 8th century, however, Eretria and Chalcis fought a prolonged war known (mainly from the account in [[Thucydides]]) as the [[Lelantine War]]. Little is known of the details of this war, but it is clear that Eretria was defeated, and lost her lands in Boeotia and her Aegean dependencies. Neither Eretria nor Chalcis ever again counted for much in Greek politics.

As a result of this defeat, Eretria turned to colonisation. She planted colonies in the northern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]], on the coast of [[Macedon]], and also in [[Italy]] and [[Sicily]].

The Eretreans were [[Ionia|Ionians]], and were thus natural allies of [[Athens]]. When the Ionian Greeks in [[Asia Minor]] rebelled against [[Persian Empire|Persia]] in [[499 BC|499]], Eretria joined Athens in sending aid to the rebels. As a result, [[Darius I of Persia|Darius]] made a point of punishing Eretria during his invasion of Greece. In [[490 BC|490]] the city was sacked and burned by the Persians.

During the 5th century the whole of Euboea became part of the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Empire]]. During the [[Peloponnesian War]] Eretria was an Athenian ally against her [[Dorian]] rivals [[Sparta]] and [[Corinth]]. But soon the Eretrians, along with the rest of the Empire, found Athenian domination oppressive. When the Spartans defeated the Athenians at the battle of Eretria in [[411 BC|411]], the Euboian cities all rebelled.

After her eventual defeat by Sparta in [[404 BC|404]], Athens soon recovered, and re-established her hegemony over Euboea, which was an essential source of grain for the urban population. The Eretrians rebelled again in [[349 BC|349]], and this time the Athenians could not recover control. In [[343 BC|343]] supporters of [[Philip II of Macedon]] gained control of the city, but the Athenians under [[Demosthenes]] recaptured it in [[341 BC|341]].

The [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)|Battle of Chaeronea]] in [[338 BC|338]], in which Philip defeated the combined armies of the Greeks, marked the end of the Greek cities as independent states, and Eretria dwindled to become a provincial town. In [[198 BC|198]] it was plundered by the Romans. In [[87 BC|87]] it was finally destroyed in the [[Mithridatic Wars]] and abandoned.

The modern town of Eretria was established in [[1824]], after Greek independence, and is now a popular beachside resort. Excavations of ancient Eretria began in the 1890s and have been conducted since [[1964]] by the Greek Archaeological Service (11th Ephorate of Antiquities) in collaboration with the Swiss School of Archaeology, who also established its archaeological museum. The most important site excavated is the Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros.

==Historical population==

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Year !! Dystos population !! Change !! Municipal population
|-
| [[1981]] || 3,711 || - || -
|-
| [[1991]] || 3,022 || -689/-18.57% || 4,987
|}

{{Credit wikipedia}}

[[Category:Ancient Greek cities]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Greece]]
[[Category:Euboea]]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 |}
-[[Image:ac.eretria.jpg|frame|right|<small>''Statue of Theseus and Ariadne, from the Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria (6th century BC)''</small>]]
 '''Eretria''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Ερέτρια;) was a city of Ancient Greece, located on the western coast of the island of [[Euboea]] (modern Evvoia or Evia), facing the coast of [[Attica]] across the narrow Euboian Gulf. There is a modern Greek town of the same name on the ancient site.

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 [[Image:ac.eretria.jpg|frame|right|<small>''Statue of Theseus and Ariadne, from the Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria (6th century BC)''</small>]]
-'''Eretria''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Ερέτρια; see also [[List of traditional Greek place names]]) was a city of Ancient Greece, located on the western coast of the island of [[Euboea]] (modern Evvoia or Evia), facing the coast of [[Attica]] across the narrow Euboian Gulf. There is a modern Greek town of the same name on the ancient site.
+'''Eretria''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Ερέτρια;) was a city of Ancient Greece, located on the western coast of the island of [[Euboea]] (modern Evvoia or Evia), facing the coast of [[Attica]] across the narrow Euboian Gulf. There is a modern Greek town of the same name on the ancient site.
 The earliest surviving mention of Eretria was by [[Homer]] (''[[Iliad]]'' 2.537), who listed Eretria as one of the Greek cities which sent ships to the [[Trojan War]]. In the [[8th century BC]], Eretria and her near neighbour and rival, [[Chalcis]], were both powerful and prosperous trading cities, and the Eretrians controlled the Aegean islands of [[Andros]], [[Tenos]] and [[Ceos]]. They also held lands in [[Boeotia]] on the Greek mainland.
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 At the end of the 8th century, however, Eretria and Chalcis fought a prolonged war known (mainly from the account in [[Thucydides]]) as the [[Lelantine War]]. Little is known of the details of this war, but it is clear that Eretria was defeated, and lost her lands in Boeotia and her Aegean dependencies. Neither Eretria nor Chalcis ever again counted for much in Greek politics.
-As a result of this defeat, Eretria turned to colonisation. She planted colonies in the northern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]], on the coast of [[Macedon]], and also in [[Italy]] and [[Sicily]].
+As a result of this defeat, Eretria turned to colonisation. She planted colonies in the northern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]], on the coast of [[Macedon]], and also in Italy and Sicily.
-The Eretreans were [[Ionia|Ionians]], and were thus natural allies of [[Athens]]. When the Ionian Greeks in [[Asia Minor]] rebelled against [[Persian Empire|Persia]] in [[499 BC|499]], Eretria joined Athens in sending aid to the rebels. As a result, [[Darius I of Persia|Darius]] made a point of punishing Eretria during his invasion of Greece. In [[490 BC|490]] the city was sacked and burned by the Persians.
+The Eretreans were [[Ionia|Ionians]], and were thus natural allies of [[Athens]]. When the Ionian Greeks in [[Asia Minor]] rebelled against Persia in [[499 BC|499]], Eretria joined Athens in sending aid to the rebels. As a result, [[Darius I of Persia|Darius]] made a point of punishing Eretria during his invasion of Greece. In [[490 BC|490]] the city was sacked and burned by the Persians.
 During the 5th century the whole of Euboea became part of the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Empire]]. During the [[Peloponnesian War]] Eretria was an Athenian ally against her [[Dorian]] rivals [[Sparta]] and [[Corinth]]. But soon the Eretrians, along with the rest of the Empire, found Athenian domination oppressive. When the Spartans defeated the Athenians at the battle of Eretria in [[411 BC|411]], the Euboian cities all rebelled.