Irlandos at 12:46, April 22, 2006

2006-04-22T12:46:02Z

New page

In [[Greek mythology]], the '''Erymanthian Boar''' is remembered in connection with [[The Twelve Labours]], in which [[Heracles]], the (reconciled) enemy of [[Hera]], visited in turn "all the other sites of the Goddess throughout the world, to conquer every conceivable 'monster' of nature and rededicate the primordial world to its new master, his Olympian father," [[Zeus]] (Ruck and Staples, p.163).

In the primitive highlands of [[Arcadia]], where old practices lingered, the Erymanthian Boar was a vicious creature that lived on '''Mount Erymanthos''', a mountain that was apparently once sacred to the Mistress of the Animals, for in classical times it remained the haunt of [[Artemis]] ([[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'', VI.105). A boar was a dangerous animal: "When the goddess turned a wrathful countenance upon a country, as in the story of [[Meleager|Meleagros]], she would send a raging boar, which laid waste the farmers' fields." (Kerenyi 1959, p 149) One was sent by [[Apollo]] to kill the youth [[Adonis]], a favorite of [[Aphrodite]], for revenge on her, as she had blinded Apollo's mortal son, '''Erymanthus''' because he had stumbled upon her bathing. Robert Graves (Graves 1955,126.1) suggested that Aphrodite had been substituted for Artemis in this retelling of the mytheme of the eponymous Erymanthus.

Heracles' fourth labour—by some counts, for there is no single definitive telling—was to capture the Boar. On the way there, Heracles visited Pholus ("caveman"), a kind and hospitable [[centaur]] and old friend. Heracles ate with him in his cavern—though the centaur devoured his meat raw—and asked for wine. Pholus had only one jar of wine, a gift from [[Dionysus]] to all the centaurs on Mt Erymanthus. Heracles convinced him to open it, and the smell attracted the other centaurs, who did not understand that wine needs to be tempered with water, became drunk and attacked. Heracles shot at them with his poisonous arrows, and the centaurs retreated all the way to [[Chiron]]'s cave.

Pholus was curious why the arrows caused so much death, and picked one up but dropped it, and the arrow stabbed his feet, poisoning him. A stray arrow hit Chiron as well, but Chiron was immortal, although he still felt the pain. Chiron's pain was so great, he volunteered to give up his immortality, and take the place of [[Prometheus]], who had been chained in [[Tartarus]] (part of the underworld), although he was an immortal Titan. Prometheus' torturer, the eagle, continued its torture on Chiron, so Herakles shot it dead with an arrow. It is generally accepted that the tale was meant to show Herakles as being the recipient of Chiron's surrendered immortality. The tale of the Centaurs sometimes appears in other parts of the twelve labours, as does the freeing of Prometheus.

Heracles had visited Chiron to gain advice on how to catch the boar, and Chiron had told him to drive it into thick snow, which sets this Labour in mid-winter. Having successfully caught the Boar, Heracles bound it and carried it back to [[Eurystheus]] who was frightened of it and ducked down in his subterranean wine jar, begging Heracles to get rid of the beast, a favorite subject for the vase-painters. Heracles obliged.

==Sources==
*Ovid, ''Heroides'' ix
*[[Apollodorus]], ii.5.4ff
*[[Diodorus Siculus]] iv.12
*[[Apollonius of Rhodes]] i.122ff
*[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Greece''

==References==
*Graves, Robert, ''The Greek Myths'' 1955.
*Kerenyi, Karl, ''The Heroes of the Greeks'' 1959.
*Carl A. P. Ruck and Danny Staples, ''The World of Classical Myth,'' 1994.

{{Credit wikipedia}}

[[Category:Twelve labours of Herakles]]

Erymanthian Boar - Revision history

Irlandos at 12:46, April 22, 2006