Filiki Eteria - Revision history

Irlandos at 21:49, April 16, 2006

2006-04-16T21:49:22Z

Irlandos at 10:19, November 5, 2005

2005-11-05T10:19:35Z

Irlandos: /* The beginnings */

2005-10-14T08:56:41Z

The beginnings

Irlandos: /* The beginnings */

2005-10-14T08:55:09Z

The beginnings

Irlandos: /* Recommended Reading */

2005-10-14T08:53:54Z

Irlandos: /* The beginnings */

2005-10-14T07:26:21Z

The beginnings

Lazarus: /* Recommended Reading */

2005-10-14T02:32:24Z

70.110.237.86 at 20:43, October 13, 2005

2005-10-13T20:43:37Z

70.110.237.86 at 20:35, October 13, 2005

2005-10-13T20:35:51Z

Lazarus: /* Recommended Reading */

2005-10-13T20:20:49Z

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 The '''Filiki Eteria''' (spelt also ''Philikí Etaireía''), meaning ''Friendly Society'' in [[Greek language|Greek]], was a secret organisation working in the early [[19th century]], whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule over [[Greece]] and to establish an independent Greek state.
-Eteria members were mainly young Greeks from Russia. Eteria received political and material support from Tsar Alexander I, who had an interest in extending Russian influence in the [[Balkans]].
+Eteria members were mainly young Greeks from Russia. Eteria received political and material support from Tsar Alexander I, who had an interest in extending Russian influence in the Balkans.
 One of the leaders of the Eteria was [[Alexander Ypsilantis]].
 == The beginnings ==
-In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old [[Nikolaos Skoufas]] from [[Arta prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old [[Emmanuel Xanthos]] from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old [[Athanasios Tsakalov]] from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
+In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in Odessa and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old [[Nikolaos Skoufas]] from [[Arta prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old [[Emmanuel Xanthos]] from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old [[Athanasios Tsakalov]] from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into Carbonarism. Xanthos was initianted in a Free-Masonic Lodge of [[Lefkada]] (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglosso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
-The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseus Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases [[Bishop Germanos|Germanos]] and more.
+The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of Ottoman Empire from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseus Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases [[Bishop Germanos|Germanos]] and more.
 == The organisational structure ==
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
-<!-- to be continued -->
 [[Category:History of Greece]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Filiki Eteria''' (spelt also ''Philikí Etaireía''), meaning ''Friendly Society'' in [[Greek language|Greek]], was a secret organisation working in the early [[19th century]], whose purpose was to overthrow the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule over [[Greece]] and to establish an independent Greek state.
+The '''Filiki Eteria''' (spelt also ''Philikí Etaireía''), meaning ''Friendly Society'' in [[Greek language|Greek]], was a secret organisation working in the early [[19th century]], whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule over [[Greece]] and to establish an independent Greek state.
 Eteria members were mainly young Greeks from Russia. Eteria received political and material support from Tsar Alexander I, who had an interest in extending Russian influence in the [[Balkans]].
-One of the leaders of the Eteria was [[Alexander Ypsilanti]].
+One of the leaders of the Eteria was [[Alexander Ypsilantis]].
 == The beginnings ==
 In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old [[Nikolaos Skoufas]] from [[Arta prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old [[Emmanuel Xanthos]] from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old [[Athanasios Tsakalov]] from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
-The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseus Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases Germanos and more.
+The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseus Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases [[Bishop Germanos|Germanos]] and more.
 == The organisational structure ==
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == The course to the revolt ==
-In 1818, the seat of Philiki Etaireia had migrated from Odessa to [[Istambul]], and Skoufas' death had been a serious loss. The rest of  the founders attempted to find a  major personality to undertake the  reins, one who would give prestige and fresh ''impetus'' to the Society. In the beginning of 1818, they had a meeting with the J. Kapodistrias, who not only denied, but later wrote that he considered Philiki Etaireia guilty for the havoc that was foreboded in Greece. Finally, after many contacts, in April [[1820]] [[Alexander Ypsilanti]] undertook the leadership of Philiki Etaireia.
+In 1818, the seat of Filiki Etaireia was moveed from Odessa to [[Constantinople]].
 == Recommended Reading ==

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old [[Nikolaos Skoufas]] from [[Arta prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old [[Emmanuel Xanthos]] from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old [[Athanasios Tsakalov]] from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
-The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseas Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases German and more.
+The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseus Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases Germanos and more.
 == The organisational structure ==

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == The beginnings ==
-In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old Nikolaos Skoufas from [[Arta Prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old Emmanuel Ksanthos from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old Athanasios Tsakalov from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
+In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old [[Nikolaos Skoufas]] from [[Arta prefecture|Arta]] province, 42-years old [[Emmanuel Xanthos]] from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old [[Athanasios Tsakalov]] from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while  Tsakalov was a founding  member of the  "Greek-speaking  Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.
 The growth of the Friendly Society is impressive. At the beginning during the [[1814]]-[[1816]] period, there were roughly twenty members. During [[1817]], the Society developed mainly between the Greeks of Russia and of Moldowallachia (Moldavia and Wallachia), but once again its membership does not exceed thirty. They started doing massive initiations in [[1818]]. In [[1820]] the Society expanded in almost all regions of Greece and most Greek communities abroad. By the first months of [[1821]], the membership numbered around one thousand and the Society had exceeded her own limits. Among her members there were tradesmen, clergy, executives of [[Ottoman Empire]] from [[Phanariotes|Fanari]], chieftains as [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]], [[Odysseas Androutsos]], the  metropolite of Old Patrases German and more.

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 [[Category:History of Greece]]
-[[Category:War of Independence]]
+[[Category:Greek War of Independence|Filiki Eteria]]
 [[el:Φιλική Εταιρεία]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, October 13, 2005
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	== The beginnings ==		== The beginnings ==
−
	In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old Nikolaos Skoufas from [[Arta Prefecture\|Arta]] province, 42-years old Emmanuel Ksanthos from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old Athanasios Tsakalov from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry\|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while Tsakalov was a founding member of the "Greek-speaking Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.		In the context of ardent desire for independence of Turkish occupation and with the explicit influence of secret societies from Europe, three Greeks met one another in [[1814]] in [[Odessa]] and decided the constitution of a strictly secret organisation which would prepare the revolution of all Greeks. These men were 42-years old Nikolaos Skoufas from [[Arta Prefecture\|Arta]] province, 42-years old Emmanuel Ksanthos from [[Patmos]] and 26-years old Athanasios Tsakalov from [[Epirus]]. Skoufas had already particular contacts with Konstantinos Rados who was initiated into [[Carbonarism]]. Ksanthos was initianted in a [[freemasonry\|Free-Masonic]] Lodge of Lefkada (Society of Free Builders, of St. Mavra), while Tsakalov was a founding member of the "Greek-speaking Hotel", (''Ελληνόγλωσσο Ξενοδοχείο'' or Ellinoglwsso Xenodoxeio) a former but not successful society for the liberation of Greece.

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 == Recommended Reading ==
 *Vournas Tasos, ''Friendly Society: her illegal organisational and persecution by the foreigners'', Tolides Bros, (Athens 1982).
-*Metropolite of Old Patrases Germanos, ''Memoirs'',  (''Introdutory note, index, ref.'' Ioanna Yiannaropoulos – Tassos Gritsopoulos), (Athens 1975).
+*Metropolite of Old Patrases Germanos, ''Memoirs'',  (''Introductory note, index, ref.'' Ioanna Yiannaropoulos – Tassos Gritsopoulos), (Athens 1975).
 *Yiannis Kordatos, ''Rigas Feraios and Balkan Federation'', (Athens, 1974)
 *Xanthos Em., ''Memoirs  for the Friendly Society'', (facsimile reprint of 1834 ed), Vergina, (Athens 1996)