Georgios Grivas - Revision history

Irlandos at 11:14, January 1, 2007

2007-01-01T11:14:04Z

Irlandos at 15:35, August 16, 2006

2006-08-16T15:35:26Z

Irlandos at 11:41, August 3, 2006

2006-08-03T11:41:03Z

Irlandos at 11:39, August 3, 2006

2006-08-03T11:39:15Z

Irlandos at 14:52, July 25, 2006

2006-07-25T14:52:48Z

Irlandos at 11:21, July 25, 2006

2006-07-25T11:21:58Z

Irlandos at 17:19, July 21, 2006

2006-07-21T17:19:39Z

Irlandos at 17:18, July 21, 2006

2006-07-21T17:18:23Z

Irlandos at 20:57, January 26, 2006

2006-01-26T20:57:10Z

Lazarus at 19:52, November 2, 2005

2005-11-02T19:52:53Z

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 During the German-Italian-Bulgarian occupation of Greece in World War II, he created the [[Organisation X]]. In his memoirs he describes it as a resistance organisation however the main aim of X was to fight the Communist [[EAM]] and [[ELAS]].  Organisation X was armed with British weapons supplied directly by the British and not acquired in an indirect way (e.g from dead soldiers).  During the Nazi occupation Organisation X was not big and its influence was limited in certain neighbourhoods of Athens.  After the British arrived, Organisation X  played an important role during the armed conflict for Athens between communists and government forces in December [[1944]] (see [[Greek Civil War]]) and its size and influence increased greatly.
-After the end of the [[Greek Civil War]] Grivas founded a political party and attempted to start a political career, but failed.  He came back to Cyprus in the [[1950s]] as the leader of the underground organisation [[EOKA]] aiming to force Britain to grant Cyprus [[Enosis]] (union with Greece).  "Digenis" was the codename Grivas chose to use as leader of [[EOKA]].  It referred to [[Digenis Akritas]], the legendary hero of folk songs who was a member of the elite Akrites, the border guards of the [[Byzantine Empire]].  The cause of [[Enosis]] was very popular in Cyprus and Greece.  Action by [[EOKA]] began with a proclamation on [[April 1]]st [[1955]].  It continued with acts of sabotage and an attempt on governor [[Sir John Harding|Harding's]] life. The British responded by sending 20,000 troops to the island and placing a bounty of £10,000 on Grivas' head. Turkish and Turkish Cypriot reaction to [[EOKA]] and [[Enosis]] was expressed by the foundation of the underground organisation TMT and the rallying cry of "Taksim" - partition of the island.
+After the end of the [[Greek Civil War]] Grivas founded a political party and attempted to start a political career, but failed.  He came back to Cyprus in the [[1950s]] as the leader of the underground organisation [[EOKA]] aiming to force Britain to grant Cyprus [[Enosis]] (union with Greece).  "Digenis" was the codename Grivas chose to use as leader of [[EOKA]].  It referred to [[Digenis Akritas]], the legendary hero of folk songs who was a member of the elite Akrites, the border guards of the [[Byzantine Empire]].  The cause of [[Enosis]] was very popular in Cyprus and Greece.  Action by [[EOKA]] began with a proclamation on [[April 1]]st [[1955]].  It continued with acts of sabotage and an attempt on governor [[Sir John Harding|Harding's]] life. The British responded by sending 20,000 troops to the island and placing a bounty of £10,000 on Grivas' head. Turkish and Turkish Cypriot reaction to [[EOKA]] and [[Enosis]] was expressed by the foundation of the underground organisation TMT and the rallying cry of "[[Taksim]]" - partition of the island.
 [[Image:1bi9c.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[1959]] meeting with Archbishop [[Makarios III|Makarios]] at [[Rhodes]]]]

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 He once more returned from Greece to Cyprus secretly in August 1971 to form and lead underground organisation [[EOKA B]], again with the rallying cry of [[Enosis]].  He secretly met with [[Makarios III|Makarios]] but they did not reach an agreement to cooperate.  Grivas started plotting to overthrow [[Makarios III|Makarios]] with the support of the US-backed [[junta|Junta of the Colonels]] which was ruling Greece at the time.  He died on [[January 27]], [[1974]] while in hiding in a house in the city of [[Lemesos]].  Though he was supposed to be in hiding, his whereabouts were known to the government of [[Makarios III|Makarios]] and the phone in the house he was living in was tapped.  The announced cause of his death was heart failure, but some of his supporters still claim that he was murdered.  Grivas' supporters insisted that the pro-Grivas Gennadios, Bishop of Paphos, who was then active in the Ecclesiastical coup against [[Makarios III|Makarios]], officiate at Grivas' funeral.  [[Makarios III|Makarios]] would not have the Bishop of Paphos officiate at Lemesos Cathedral, therefore Grivas' supporters held the funeral and burial, which was attended by hundreds of people, in the garden of the house that had been Grivas' last hideout, and where his tomb still is.
-The [[junta|Junta of the Colonels]] eventually overthrew [[Makarios III|Makarios]], just six months after Grivas' death, which triggered events leading to the Turkish invasion of 20 July 1974 and the continued occupation of 40% of the island's territory.
+The [[junta|Junta of the Colonels]] eventually overthrew [[Makarios III|Makarios]], just six months after Grivas' death, which triggered events leading to the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus|Turkish invasion of 20 July 1974]] and the continued occupation of 40% of the island's territory.
 [[Category:1897 births|Grivas, Georgios]]

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 [[Category:1974 deaths|Grivas, Georgios]]
 [[Category:Greek generals|Grivas, Georgios]]
-[[Category:EOKA struggle (1955-1959)]]
+[[Category:EOKA struggle (1955-1959)|Grivas, Georgios]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, August 3, 2006
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	[[Category:1974 deaths\|Grivas, Georgios]]		[[Category:1974 deaths\|Grivas, Georgios]]
	[[Category:Greek generals\|Grivas, Georgios]]		[[Category:Greek generals\|Grivas, Georgios]]
		+	[[Category:EOKA struggle (1955-1959)]]

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 [[Image:Grivas.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Georgios Grivas]]
-'''Georgios Theodorou Grivas''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: &#915;&#949;&#974;&#961;&#947;&#953;&#959;&#962; &#915;&#961;&#943;&#946;&#945;&#962;, also referred to as  ''Digenis'' Greek: &#916;&#953;&#947;&#949;&#957;&#942;&#962; which the name he adopted while in [[EOKA]]) was a [[Cyprus]]-born Colonel in the Greek army. He was born on [[June 5]], [[1897]] ([[May 23]] OS), in [[Lefkosia]] but was raised in the village of [[Trikomo]] that is now occupied by Turkish Troops. He studied in the Hellenic military academy and was commissioned an officer in the Greek army. Grivas saw action in [[Asia Minor]] during the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]] and in [[World War II]].
+'''Georgios Theodorou Grivas''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: &#915;&#949;&#974;&#961;&#947;&#953;&#959;&#962; &#915;&#961;&#943;&#946;&#945;&#962;, also referred to as  ''Digenis'' Greek: &#916;&#953;&#947;&#949;&#957;&#942;&#962; which the name he adopted while in [[EOKA]]) was a [[Cyprus]]-born Colonel in the Greek army. He was born on [[June 5]], ([[May 23]] OS), [[1897]] in [[Lefkosia]] but was raised in his ancestral village of [[Trikomo]] that is now occupied by Turkish Troops. He studied in the Hellenic military academy and was commissioned an officer in the Greek army. Grivas saw action in [[Asia Minor]] during the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]] and in [[World War II]].
 During the German-Italian-Bulgarian occupation of Greece in World War II, he created the [[Organisation X]]. In his memoirs he describes it as a resistance organisation however the main aim of X was to fight the Communist [[EAM]] and [[ELAS]].  Organisation X was armed with British weapons supplied directly by the British and not acquired in an indirect way (e.g from dead soldiers).  During the Nazi occupation Organisation X was not big and its influence was limited in certain neighbourhoods of Athens.  After the British arrived, Organisation X  played an important role during the armed conflict for Athens between communists and government forces in December [[1944]] (see [[Greek Civil War]]) and its size and influence increased greatly.
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 [[Image:1bi9c.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[1959]] meeting with Archbishop [[Makarios III|Makarios]] at [[Rhodes]]]]
-In December 1963 fighting broke out in Cyprus between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.  Grivas used the popularity he gained in the [[EOKA]] era to coerce Cyprus president Archbishop [[Makarios III]] and the Greek government into allowing him to return to Cyprus, and eventually into allowing him to become Supreme Military Commander of Cyprus.  His attack in August 1964 against TMT forces in the [[Kokkina]] enclave resulted in the collapse of negotiations between the  Americans, Greeks and Turks to solve the Cyprus issue on the basis of the Acheson plan, in attacks by the Turkish Air Force in the Tylliria area and in the resignation of the first commander of the [[Cyprus National Guard]], [[Georgios Karayiannis]].  Grivas left Cyprus in 1967 after a crisis which was seriously escalated when the [[Cyprus National Guard]], under Grivas, removed roadblocks placed by the [[Turkish Resistance Organization|TMT]] forces in the village of [[Kofinou]]. The National Guards came under fire which they returned, inflicting casualties on the TMT.
+After a five-year struggle, negotiations initially between Greece, US and Turkey, and later including the UK and the Greek and Turkish Cypriots, led in 1960 to the creation of an independent state, the [[Cyprus#Republic_of_Cyprus|Republic of Cyprus]], the constitution of which was based on political equality between two communities, Greek and Turkish Cypriot, and ruled out forever the possibility of [[Enosis]] or Taksim.  Part of the agreement was that Grivas would leave Cyprus and go back to Greece.  On his return to Greece, Grivas was given a hero's welcome and promoted to General.
 He once more returned from Greece to Cyprus secretly in August 1971 to form and lead underground organisation [[EOKA B]], again with the rallying cry of [[Enosis]].  He secretly met with [[Makarios III|Makarios]] but they did not reach an agreement to cooperate.  Grivas started plotting to overthrow [[Makarios III|Makarios]] with the support of the US-backed [[junta|Junta of the Colonels]] which was ruling Greece at the time.  He died on [[January 27]], [[1974]] while in hiding in a house in the city of [[Lemesos]].  Though he was supposed to be in hiding, his whereabouts were known to the government of [[Makarios III|Makarios]] and the phone in the house he was living in was tapped.  The announced cause of his death was heart failure, but some of his supporters still claim that he was murdered.  Grivas' supporters insisted that the pro-Grivas Gennadios, Bishop of Paphos, who was then active in the Ecclesiastical coup against [[Makarios III|Makarios]], officiate at Grivas' funeral.  [[Makarios III|Makarios]] would not have the Bishop of Paphos officiate at Lemesos Cathedral, therefore Grivas' supporters held the funeral and burial, which was attended by hundreds of people, in the garden of the house that had been Grivas' last hideout, and where his tomb still is.
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 The [[junta|Junta of the Colonels]] eventually overthrew [[Makarios III|Makarios]], just six months after Grivas' death, which triggered events leading to the Turkish invasion of 20 July 1974 and the continued occupation of 40% of the island's territory.
+[[Category:1897 births|Grivas, Georgios]]
 [[Category:1974 deaths|Grivas, Georgios]]
 [[Category:Greek generals|Grivas, Georgios]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, July 21, 2006
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	[[Category:1974 deaths\|Grivas, Georgios]]		[[Category:1974 deaths\|Grivas, Georgios]]
		+	[[Category:Greek generals\|Grivas, Georgios]]

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 '''Georgios Theodorou Grivas''' (greek: &#915;&#949;&#974;&#961;&#947;&#953;&#959;&#962; &#915;&#961;&#943;&#946;&#945;&#962;, also referred to as  ''Digenis'' greek: &#916;&#953;&#947;&#949;&#957;&#942;&#962; which the name he adopted while in [[EOKA]]) was a [[Cyprus]] born Colonel in the Greek army. He was born in the village of [[Trikomo]] that is now occupied by Turkish Troops. He studied in the Hellenic army academy and worked as an officer in the greek army. During the german-italian-bulgarian occupation of Greece in World war II he created the [[Organisation X]]. In his memoirs he describes it as a resistance organisation however the main aim of X was to fight the Communist EAM and ELAS.  [[Organisation X]] was armed with British weapons supplied directly by the British and not acquired in an indirect way (e.g from dead soldiers).  During the Nazi occupation [[Organisation X]] was not big and its influence was limited in certain neighbourhoods of Athens.  After the British arrived, [[Organisation X]]  played an important role during the armed conflict for Athens between communists and royalists in December 1944 (see [[Greek Civil War]]) and its size and influence increased greatly.
 After the end of the [[Greek Civil War]] Grivas founded a political party and attempted to start a political career, but failed.  He came back to Cyprus in the [[1950s]] as the leader of the underground organisation [[EOKA]] aiming to force Britain to grant Cyprus [[Enosis]] (union with Greece).  "Digenis" was the codename Grivas chose to use as leader of [[EOKA]].  It referred to Digenis Akritas, the legendary hero of folk songs who was a member of the elite Akrites, the border guards of the [[Byzantine Empire]].  The cause of [[Enosis]] was very popular in Cyprus and Greece.  Action by [[EOKA]] began with a proclamation on April 1st 1955.  It continued with acts of sabotage and an attempt on governor Harding's life. The British responded by sending 20,000 troops to the island and placing a bounty of £10,000 on Grivas' head. Turkish and Turkish Cypriot reaction to [[EOKA]] and [[Enosis]] was expressed by the foundation of the underground organisation [[Turkish Resistance Organization|TMT]] and the rallying cry of "Taksim" - division of the island.
 Negotiations initially between Greece, US and Turkey, and later including the UK and the Greek and Turkish Cypriots, led in 1960 to the creation of an independent state, the [[Republic of Cyprus]], the constitution of which was based on political equality between two communities, Greek and Turkish Cypriot, and ruled out forever the possibility of [[Enosis]].  Part of the agreement was that Grivas would leave Cyprus and go back to Greece.  On his return to Greece, Grivas was given a hero's welcome.