Irlandos: /* History */

2007-06-07T14:54:15Z

History

Irlandos: New page: The term '''Hellenistic''' (derived from '''Έλλην''' ''Héllēn'', the Greeks' traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droyse...

2007-06-07T14:52:56Z

New page: The term '''Hellenistic''' (derived from '''Έλλην''' ''Héllēn'', the Greeks' traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droyse...

New page

The term '''Hellenistic''' (derived from '''Έλλην''' ''Héllēn'', the [[Greeks]]' traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to refer to the spreading of [[Greek culture]] over the non-Greek people that were conquered by [[Alexander the Great]]. According to Droysen, the Hellenistic civilization was a fusion of Greek and Near Eastern cultures. The main cultural centers expanded from mainland [[Greece]], to [[Pergamon]], [[Rhodes]], Antioch and [[Alexandria]].

== History ==

Modern historians see the death of [[Alexander the Great]] in [[323 BC]] as the beginning of the Hellenistic period. Alexander's armies conquered the eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Iranian plateau, Central Asia, and parts of India. Following Alexander's death, there was a struggle for the succession, known as the wars of the [[Diadochi]] (Greek for ''successors''). The struggle ended in [[281 BC]] with the establishment of four large territorial states.

* The [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] in Egypt based at [[Alexandria]];
* The [[Seleucid dynasty]] in Syria and Mesopotamia based at Antioch;
* The [[Antigonid dynasty]] in [[Macedon]] and central Greece;
* The [[Attalid dynasty]] in [[Anatolia]] based at [[Pergamum]].

His successors held on to the territory west of the Tigris for some time and controlled the eastern Mediterranean until the Roman Republic took control in the [[2nd century BC|2nd]] and [[1st century BC|1st]] centuries BC. Most of the east was eventually overrun by the [[Parthia]]ns, but Hellenistic culture held on in distant locations, like the [[Greco-Bactrian kingdom]] in Bactria, or the [[Indo-Greek kingdom]] in northern [[India]], or the Cimmerian Bosporus. Hellenistic culture remained dominant in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire until its Christianisation and transition to the [[Byzantine Empire]].

Hellenism made considerable inroads also in monarchies governed by kings of Persian, Armenian or Thracian origin, as was the case with Armenia, [[Bithynia]], Cappadocia and [[Pontus]].

The end of the Hellenistic period is generally seen as [[31 BC]], when the kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt was utterly defeated by the Romans at the Battle of Actium. Octavian (Augustus) defeated Marc Antony at Actium, as a result, Egypt's last ruler, [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt|Cleopatra]], (circa 30 BC) committed suicide and her kingdom was annexed by Octavian.

== Reference ==
*Tarn, William Woodthorpe; G. T. Griffith ''Hellenistic Civilisation 3rd ed. rev.'' (1963), World Publishing Co., Cleveland

== See also ==
* [[Hellenization]]
* [[Hellenistic Greece]]
* [[Hellenistic period]]
* [[Hellenistic art]]
* [[Hellenistic philosophy]]

{{Credit wikipedia}}

[[Category:Alexander the Great]]
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Hellenistic civilization| ]]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 * The [[Attalid dynasty]] in [[Anatolia]] based at [[Pergamum]].
-His successors held on to the territory west of the Tigris for some time and controlled the eastern Mediterranean until the Roman Republic took control in the [[2nd century BC|2nd]] and [[1st century BC|1st]] centuries BC. Most of the east was eventually overrun by the [[Parthia]]ns, but Hellenistic culture held on in distant locations, like the [[Greco-Bactrian kingdom]] in Bactria, or the [[Indo-Greek kingdom]] in northern [[India]], or the Cimmerian Bosporus. Hellenistic culture remained dominant in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire until its Christianisation and transition to the [[Byzantine Empire]].
+His successors held on to the territory west of the Tigris for some time and controlled the eastern Mediterranean until the Roman Republic took control in the [[2nd century BC|2nd]] and [[1st century BC|1st]] centuries BC. Most of the east was eventually overrun by the Parthians, but Hellenistic culture held on in distant locations, like the [[Greco-Bactrian kingdom]] in Bactria, or the [[Indo-Greek kingdom]] in northern India, or the Cimmerian Bosporus. Hellenistic culture remained dominant in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire until its Christianisation and transition to the [[Byzantine Empire]].
 Hellenism made considerable inroads also in monarchies governed by kings of Persian, Armenian or Thracian origin, as was the case with Armenia, [[Bithynia]], Cappadocia and [[Pontus]].

Hellenistic - Revision history

Irlandos: /* History */

Irlandos: New page: The term '''Hellenistic''' (derived from '''Έλλην''' ''Héllēn'', the Greeks' traditional self-described ethnic name) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droyse...