Jews in Greece - Revision history

Irlandos: /* Famous Greek Jews */

2012-03-23T17:38:34Z

Famous Greek Jews

Irlandos: /* Famous Greek Jews */

2012-03-23T17:35:04Z

Famous Greek Jews

Irlandos: /* References */

2012-03-23T17:33:09Z

References

Irlandos: /* References */

2012-03-23T12:56:50Z

References

Irlandos at 12:55, March 23, 2012

2012-03-23T12:55:49Z

Irlandos at 12:51, March 23, 2012

2012-03-23T12:51:34Z

Irlandos: /* Anti-Semitism in Greece */

2012-03-23T12:50:14Z

Anti-Semitism in Greece

Irlandos: /* Post-war community */

2012-03-23T12:48:59Z

Post-war community

Irlandos: /* World War II and the Holocaust */

2012-03-23T12:48:15Z

World War II and the Holocaust

Irlandos: /* External links */

2012-03-23T12:47:29Z

External links

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 ==Famous Greek Jews==
 *[[Gina Bachauer]], pianist
 *[[Roza Eskenazi]], singer
 *Col [[Mordechai Frizis]], first high-ranking officer to be killed in [[WW II|Greco-Italian War]]

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 *Col [[Mordechai Frizis]], first high-ranking officer to be killed in [[WW II|Greco-Italian War]]
 *[[Stella Haskil]], singer
 *[[Minos Matsas]], recording industry executive

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 There have been fears of resurgence of anti-Semitism in the context of the [[Greek government debt crisis]] which started in 2009. [[Makis Voridis]] of the [[Popular Orthodox Rally]] (LAOS) was described as having been an "an axe-wielding fascist" in his youth. He acted as minister of infrastructure and transport in the 2011 coalition government headed by [[Lucas Papademos]].<ref> http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/16/rise-greek-far-right-turmoil Rise of the Greek far right raises fears of further turmoil, Helena Smith, The Guardian 2011-12-16</ref> Voridis later resigned from LAOS and joined the [[New Democracy]] party lead by [[Antonis Samaras]]; he remains in government.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/israel-must-fight-to-keep-neo-nazis-out-of-greece-s-government-1.416802
 Israel must fight to keep neo-Nazis out of Greece's government, Sabby Mionis,   Haaretz 2012-03-06</ref>
 ==References==

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 *[http://www.sephardicstudies.org/thes.html Jewish Community of Thessaloniki]. ''Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture''. URL accessed April 15, 2006.
 *[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/intro.htm The Holocaust in Greece at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]
-*Andrew Apostolou, "Mother of Israel, Orphan of History: Writing on Jewish Salonika", ''Israel Affairs'' '''13''':1:193-204 {{doi|10.1080/13537120601063499}}. A review of recent work on the Jewish community of Thessaloniki.
+*Andrew Apostolou, "Mother of Israel, Orphan of History: Writing on Jewish Salonika", ''Israel Affairs'' '''13''':1:193-204. A review of recent work on the Jewish community of Thessaloniki.
 *Annette B. Fromm, Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece, Lexington Books, 2008, ISBN 9780739120613
 *Connerty, Mary C. Judeo-Greek: The Language, The Culture. Jay Street Publishing, 2003.  ISBN 1-889534-88-9

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, March 23, 2012
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−	There have been organized Jewish communities in [[Greece]] for more than two thousand years. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited Greece are the [[Romaniotes]], also known as "Greek Jews". However, the term "Greek Jew" is predominantly used for any person of Jewish faith that lives in or originates from, or has lived in and originated from the modern region of [[Greece]].	+	There have been organized '''Jewish''' communities in [[Greece]] for more than two thousand years. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited Greece are the [[Romaniotes]], also known as "Greek Jews". However, the term "Greek Jew" is predominantly used for any person of Jewish faith that lives in or originates from, or has lived in and originated from the modern region of [[Greece]].

	Aside from the Romaniotes, Greece is the home of a historical centre of Sephardic life; the city of [[Thessaloniki]], called the "Mother of Israel" by Samuel Usque.<ref name="SephardicStudies1">The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 1</ref> Greek Jews played an important role in the early development of Christianity, and became a source of education and commerce for the [[Byzantine Empire]] and throughout the period of Ottoman Greece, until suffering devastation in the Holocaust after Greece was conquered and occupied by the Axis powers in spite of efforts by Greeks to protect them.<ref name="SephardicStudies2">The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p.2</ref><ref name="Zakynthos">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/zakyntho.htm Zakynthos: The Holocaust in Greece], ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum'', URL accessed April 15, 2006.</ref>		Aside from the Romaniotes, Greece is the home of a historical centre of Sephardic life; the city of [[Thessaloniki]], called the "Mother of Israel" by Samuel Usque.<ref name="SephardicStudies1">The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 1</ref> Greek Jews played an important role in the early development of Christianity, and became a source of education and commerce for the [[Byzantine Empire]] and throughout the period of Ottoman Greece, until suffering devastation in the Holocaust after Greece was conquered and occupied by the Axis powers in spite of efforts by Greeks to protect them.<ref name="SephardicStudies2">The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p.2</ref><ref name="Zakynthos">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/zakyntho.htm Zakynthos: The Holocaust in Greece], ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum'', URL accessed April 15, 2006.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:51, March 23, 2012
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	{{Credit wikipedia}}		{{Credit wikipedia}}
	[[Category:Greek Jews]]		[[Category:Greek Jews]]
		+	[[Category:Religion in Greece]]

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 Misha Glenny writes that Greek Jews had never "encountered anything remotely as sinister as north European anti-Semitism. The twentieth century had witnessed small areas of anti-Jewish sentiment among Greeks... but it attracted an insignificant minority".<ref name ="Glenny512" /> The danger of deportation to death camps was repeatedly met with disbelief by Greece's Jewish population.
-A Greek [[Neo-Nazi]] group, [[Hrisi Avgi]], existed in Greece from 1980 until 2005, when it was officially disbanded by its leadership after conflicts with police and [[anti-Fascism|anti-Fascists]]. The European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia 2002-2003 report on anti-Semitism in Greece mentioned several incidents over the two-year period making note that there were no instances of physical or verbal assaults on Jews, along with examples of "good practices" for countering prejudice. The report concluded that "...in 2003 the Chairman of the Central Jewish Board in Greece stated that he did not consider the rise in antisemitism to be alarming.".<ref name="EUMC12">EUMC, p.12</ref>
+A Greek Neo-Nazi group, [[Chrysi Avgi]], existed in Greece from [[1980]] until [[2005]], when it was officially disbanded by its leadership after conflicts with police and anti-Fascists. The European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia 2002-2003 report on anti-Semitism in Greece mentioned several incidents over the two-year period making note that there were no instances of physical or verbal assaults on Jews, along with examples of "good practices" for countering prejudice. The report concluded that "...in 2003 the Chairman of the Central Jewish Board in Greece stated that he did not consider the rise in antisemitism to be alarming.".<ref name="EUMC12">EUMC, p.12</ref>
-On November 21, 2003, [[Nikos Bistis]], the Greek Deputy Minister of the Interior, declared January 27 to be Holocaust Remembrance Day in Greece, and committed to a "coalition of Greek Jews, Greek non-Jews, and Jews worldwide to fight antisemitism in Greece".<ref name="EUMC13">EUMC, p.13</ref>
+On [[November 21]], [[2003]], [[Nikos Bistis]], the Greek Deputy Minister of the Interior, declared [[January 27]] to be Holocaust Remembrance Day in Greece, and committed to a "coalition of Greek Jews, Greek non-Jews, and Jews worldwide to fight antisemitism in Greece".<ref name="EUMC13">EUMC, p.13</ref>
 There have been fears of resurgence of anti-Semitism in the context of the [[Greek government debt crisis]] which started in 2009. [[Makis Voridis]] of the [[Popular Orthodox Rally]] (LAOS) was described as having been an "an axe-wielding fascist" in his youth. He acted as minister of infrastructure and transport in the 2011 coalition government headed by [[Lucas Papademos]].<ref> http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/16/rise-greek-far-right-turmoil Rise of the Greek far right raises fears of further turmoil, Helena Smith, The Guardian 2011-12-16</ref> Voridis later resigned from LAOS and joined the [[New Democracy]] party lead by [[Antonis Samaras]]; he remains in government.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/israel-must-fight-to-keep-neo-nazis-out-of-greece-s-government-1.416802

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 ==Post-war community==
-A small Jewish community continues to live in Greece.<ref>Plaut, Joshua Eli, ''Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1973; Patterns of survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison and Teaneck, 1996,</ref> There are communities in [[Beth Shalom Synagogue (Athens, Greece)|Athens]] and [[Monastir Synagogue (Thessaloniki, Greece)|Thessaloniki]].
+A small Jewish community continues to live in Greece.<ref>Plaut, Joshua Eli, ''Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1973; Patterns of survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison and Teaneck, 1996,</ref> There are communities in [[Beth Shalom Synagogue (Athens)|Athens]] and [[Monastir Synagogue (Thessaloniki)|Thessaloniki]].
 ===Anti-Semitism in Greece===
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 There have been fears of resurgence of anti-Semitism in the context of the [[Greek government debt crisis]] which started in 2009. [[Makis Voridis]] of the [[Popular Orthodox Rally]] (LAOS) was described as having been an "an axe-wielding fascist" in his youth. He acted as minister of infrastructure and transport in the 2011 coalition government headed by [[Lucas Papademos]].<ref> http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/16/rise-greek-far-right-turmoil Rise of the Greek far right raises fears of further turmoil, Helena Smith, The Guardian 2011-12-16</ref> Voridis later resigned from LAOS and joined the [[New Democracy]] party lead by [[Antonis Samaras]]; he remains in government.<ref>http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/israel-must-fight-to-keep-neo-nazis-out-of-greece-s-government-1.416802
 Israel must fight to keep neo-Nazis out of Greece's government, Sabby Mionis,   Haaretz 2012-03-06</ref>
 ==References==

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 The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture writes "One cannot forget the repeated initiatives of the head of the Metropolitan See of Thessaloniki, Gennadios, against the deportations, and most of all, the official letter of protest signed in Athens on March 23, 1943, by [[Archbishop Damaskinos]], along with 27 prominent leaders of cultural, academic and professional organizations. The document, written in a very sharp language, refers to unbreakable bonds between Christian Orthodox and Jews, identifying them jointly as Greeks, without differentiation. It is noteworthy that such a document is unique in the whole of occupied Europe, in character, content and purpose".<ref name="SephardicStudies2" />
-In [[Corfu]] after the fall of Italian fascism in 1943, the Nazis took control of the island. Corfu's mayor at the time, Kollas, was a known collaborator and various anti-semitic laws were passed by the Nazis that now formed the occupation government of the island.<ref name="USHMM">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/corfu.htm United States Holocaust Memorial Museum] on the Holocaust in Corfu. Also contains information about the Nazi collaborator mayor Kollas.</ref> In early June 1944, while the Allies bombed Corfu as a diversion from the landing in Normandy, the [[Gestapo]] rounded up the Jews of the city, temporarily incarcerated them at the old fort ([[Corfu#Palaio Frourio|Palaio Frourio]]) and on the 10th of June sent them to [[Auschwitz]] where very few survived.<ref name="USHMM"/><ref name="SHOAH">From the interview of a survivor interviewed in the film "Shoah"</ref> However, approximately two hundred out of a total population of 1900 managed to flee.<ref name="KIS">[http://www.kis.gr/kerkyrahistory_en.html Central Jewish Council of Greece website]</ref> Many among the local populace at the time provided shelter and refuge to those 200 Jews that managed to escape the Nazis.<ref name="USMM2">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/nonflash/eng/corfu.htm United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]: "[...]two hundred of the 2,000 Corfu Jews found sanctuary with Christian families[...]"</ref> As well, a prominent section of the old town is to this day called ''Evraiki'' (Εβραϊκή) meaning ''Jewish suburb'' in recognition of the Jewish contribution and continued presence in Corfu city. An active Synagogue (Συναγωγή) is an integral part of Evraiki today with about 65 members.<ref name="KIS"/>
+In [[Corfu]] after the fall of Italian fascism in 1943, the Nazis took control of the island. Corfu's mayor at the time, Kollas, was a known collaborator and various anti-semitic laws were passed by the Nazis that now formed the occupation government of the island.<ref name="USHMM">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/eng/corfu.htm United States Holocaust Memorial Museum] on the Holocaust in Corfu. Also contains information about the Nazi collaborator mayor Kollas.</ref> In early June 1944, while the Allies bombed Corfu as a diversion from the landing in Normandy, the [[Gestapo]] rounded up the Jews of the city, temporarily incarcerated them at the old fort ([[Corfu#Palaio Frourio|Palaio Frourio]]) and on the 10th of June sent them to Auschwitz where very few survived.<ref name="USHMM"/><ref name="SHOAH">From the interview of a survivor interviewed in the film "Shoah"</ref> However, approximately two hundred out of a total population of 1900 managed to flee.<ref name="KIS">[http://www.kis.gr/kerkyrahistory_en.html Central Jewish Council of Greece website]</ref> Many among the local populace at the time provided shelter and refuge to those 200 Jews that managed to escape the Nazis.<ref name="USMM2">[http://www.ushmm.org/greece/nonflash/eng/corfu.htm United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]: "[...]two hundred of the 2,000 Corfu Jews found sanctuary with Christian families[...]"</ref> As well, a prominent section of the old town is to this day called ''Evraiki'' (Εβραϊκή) meaning ''Jewish suburb'' in recognition of the Jewish contribution and continued presence in Corfu city. An active Synagogue (Συναγωγή) is an integral part of Evraiki today with about 65 members.<ref name="KIS"/>
 The 275 Jews of the island of [[Zakynthos]], however, survived the Holocaust. When the island's mayor, Carrer, was presented with the German order to hand over a list of Jews, Bishop Chrysostomos returned to the Germans with a list of two names; his and the mayor's. The island's population hid every member of the Jewish community. When the island was almost levelled by the great earthquake of [[1953]], the first relief came from the state of Israel, with a message that read "The Jews of Zakynthos have never forgotten their Mayor or their beloved Bishop and what they did for us."<ref name="Zakynthos" />
 ==Post-war community==

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 ==External links==
 *[http://www.kis.gr/home_en.html KIS, The Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece]
-*{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishmuseum.gr/en/index.html |title=Jewish Museum of Greece |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2012-01-31}}
+*http://www.jewishmuseum.gr/en/index.html Jewish Museum of Greece
 *[http://www.jmth.gr/ The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki]
 *[http://www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org/index.htm The Jewish Museum of Rhodes]