Irlandos at 15:03, August 3, 2006

2006-08-03T15:03:15Z

Irlandos at 11:31, August 3, 2006

2006-08-03T11:31:34Z

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The '''Kingdom of Cyprus''' was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of [[Cyprus]] in the late Middle Ages.

The island was conquered from [[Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus|Isaac Comnenus]], an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed [[Byzantine Empire|emperor]] claiming the Empire of [[Constantinople]], in [[1191]] by King Richard I of England during the Third Crusade. Richard then sold it to the Knights Templar, who in turn sold it to King-Consort [[Guy of Lusignan]] in [[1192]] after the failure of Richard's crusade and when Guy was going dispossessed from his late wife's kingdom. His brother and successor, [[Amalric I of Cyprus]], received the royal crown and title from Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as [[Famagusta]], as well as inland [[Nicosia]], the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the [[Greeks|Greek]] inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. The independent [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Cypriot Orthodox Church|Church of Cyprus]], with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property.

After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The Ibeli] family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In [[1229]] one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by [[1233]], although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe. Frederick's [[Hohenstaufen]] descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until [[1268]] when [[Hugh III of Cyprus]] claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while [[Henry II of Jerusalem|Henry II]] was king in [[1291]], but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.

Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a ''Haute Cour'' (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch House of Ibelin. However, the king was often in conflict with the Italian merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the centre of European trade with Africa and Asia after the fall of Acre in 1291.

The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the [[14th century]] by the Genoese merchants. Cyprus therefore sided with the Avignon Papacy in the Western Schism, in the hope that the French would be able to drive out the Italians. The Mameluks then made the kingdom a tributary state in [[1426]]; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until [[1489]] when the last Queen, Catherine Cornaro, was forced to sell the island to Venice.

=== List of Kings of Cyprus ===

*[[Guy of Lusignan]] ([[1192]]-[[1194]])
*[[Amalric II of Jerusalem|Amalric of Lusignan]] ([[1194]]-[[1205]]) (Amaury)
*[[Hugh I of Cyprus|Hugh I]] ([[1205]]-[[1218]])
*[[Henry I of Cyprus|Henry I]] ([[1218]]-[[1253]]) (Le Gros)
*[[Hugh II of Cyprus|Hugh II]] ([[1253]]-[[1267]]) (Huguet)
*[[Hugh I of Jerusalem|Hugh III]] ([[1267]]-[[1284]])
*[[John II of Jerusalem|John I]] ([[1284]]-[[1285]])
*[[Henry II of Jerusalem|Henry II]] ([[1285]]-[[1306]])
*[[Amalric of Tyre]] ([[1306]]-[[1310]]), Regent and usurper
*Henry II ([[1310]]-[[1324]]) again
*[[Hugh IV of Cyprus|Hugh IV]] ([[1324]]-[[1359]])
*[[Peter I of Cyprus|Peter I]] ([[1359]]-[[1369]])
*[[Peter II of Cyprus|Peter II]] ([[1369]]-[[1382]]) (Perrin)
*[[James I of Cyprus|James I]] ([[1382]]-[[1398]])
*[[Janus of Cyprus|Janus]] ([[1398]]-[[1432]])
*[[John II of Cyprus|John II]] ([[1432]]-[[1458]])
*[[Charlotte of Cyprus|Charlotte]] ([[1458]]-[[1464]]) and 1459-1464 with her husband [[Louis of Savoy]]
*[[James II of Cyprus|James II]] ([[1464]]-[[1473]]) (Jacques le Bâtard)
*[[James III of Cyprus|James III]] ([[1473]]-[[1474]])
*[[Catherine Cornaro]] ([[1474]]-[[1489]])

{{Credit wikipedia}}

[[Category:Kings of Cyprus| ]]
[[Category:Lusignan Rule of Cyprus]]

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 The '''Kingdom of Cyprus''' was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of [[Cyprus]] in the late Middle Ages.
-The island was conquered from [[Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus|Isaac Comnenus]], an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed [[Byzantine Empire|emperor]] claiming the Empire of [[Constantinople]], in [[1191]] by King Richard I of England during the Third Crusade.  Richard then sold it to the Knights Templar, who in turn sold it to King-Consort [[Guy of Lusignan]] in [[1192]] after the failure of Richard's crusade and when Guy was going dispossessed from his late wife's kingdom.  His brother and successor, [[Amalric I of Cyprus]], received the royal crown and title from Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as [[Famagusta]], as well as inland [[Nicosia]], the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the [[Greeks|Greek]] inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]].  The independent  [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Cypriot Orthodox Church|Church of Cyprus]], with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property.
+The island was conquered from [[Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus|Isaac Comnenus]], an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed [[Byzantine Empire|emperor]] claiming the Empire of [[Constantinople]], in [[1191]] by King Richard I of England during the Third Crusade.  Richard then sold it to the Knights Templar, who in turn sold it to King-Consort [[Guy of Lusignan]] in [[1192]] after the failure of Richard's crusade and when Guy was going dispossessed from his late wife's kingdom.  His brother and successor, [[Amalric I of Cyprus]], received the royal crown and title from Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as [[Famagusta]], as well as inland [[Nicosia]], the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the [[Greeks|Greek]] inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.  The independent  [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] [[Cypriot Orthodox Church|Church of Cyprus]], with its own archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the Latin Church largely displaced it in stature and holding property.
-After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king.  The Ibeli] family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years.  In [[1229]] one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island.  Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by [[1233]], although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe.  Frederick's [[Hohenstaufen]] descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until [[1268]] when [[Hugh III of Cyprus]] claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms.  The territory in Palestine was finally lost while [[Henry II of Jerusalem|Henry II]] was king in [[1291]], but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.
+After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king.  The Ibeli family, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years.  In [[1229]] one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who brought the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines to the island.  Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by [[1233]], although it lasted longer in Palestine and in Europe.  Frederick's Hohenstaufen descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until [[1268]] when [[Hugh III of Cyprus]] claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of Conrad III of Jerusalem, thus uniting the two kingdoms.  The territory in Palestine was finally lost while [[Henry II of Jerusalem|Henry II]] was king in [[1291]], but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.
 Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a ''Haute Cour'' (High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem.  The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour.  The most important vassal family was the multi-branch House of Ibelin. However, the king was often in conflict with the Italian merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the centre of European trade with Africa and Asia after the fall of Acre in 1291.

Kingdom of Cyprus - Revision history

Irlandos at 15:03, August 3, 2006

Irlandos at 11:31, August 3, 2006