Phocaea - Revision history

Angellight 888 at 15:41, March 8, 2009

2009-03-08T15:41:45Z

Irlandos: /* References */

2006-08-27T17:48:08Z

References

Irlandos: /* Notes */

2006-04-11T10:39:15Z

Notes

Irlandos: /* Notes */

2005-12-12T14:45:06Z

Notes

Irlandos: /* History */

2005-10-04T10:48:18Z

History

Irlandos: /* History */

2005-10-04T10:46:49Z

History

Irlandos: /* History */

2005-10-04T10:46:23Z

History

Irlandos at 10:28, October 4, 2005

2005-10-04T10:28:50Z

Irlandos: /* History */

2005-10-03T15:31:06Z

History

Irlandos: /* History */

2005-10-03T15:30:21Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, March 8, 2009
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	[[Category:Ancient Greek colonies]]		[[Category:Ancient Greek colonies]]
	[[Category:Asia Minor]]		[[Category:Asia Minor]]
		+	[[Category:History of Anatolia]]

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 ==References==
-*Herodotus, ''The Persian Wars'', Translated by [[A. D. Godley]], (Loeb Classical Library, Nos. 117-120), Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press (1920) ISBN 0674991303 ISBN 0674991311 ISBN 0674991338 ISBN 0674991346[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+toc &nbsp;]
+*Herodotus, ''The Persian Wars'', Translated by A. D. Godley, (Loeb Classical Library, Nos. 117-120), Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press (1920) ISBN 0674991303 ISBN 0674991311 ISBN 0674991338 ISBN 0674991346[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+toc &nbsp;]
 *[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'', Books I-II, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918) ISBN 0674991044.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+1.1.1 &nbsp;]
-*[[Pliny the Elder]], [[Pliny's Natural History|''The Natural History'']] (Eds. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. (1855) [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+toc &nbsp;]
+*Pliny the Elder, ''The Natural History'' (Eds. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. (1855) [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+toc &nbsp;]
 *Stillwell, Richard, ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'', (Editors: Richard Stillwell, William L. MacDonald and Marian Holland McAllister) (1976) ISBN 0691035423 [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006;layout=;query=toc &nbsp;]
 ==Notes==

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ==Notes==
-{{ent|1|Pliny_3.5}} Pliny [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+3.5 3.5]
+* Pliny [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+3.5 3.5]
-{{ent|2|Paus_7.3.10}} Pausanias [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+7.3.1 7.3.10]
+* Pausanias [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+7.3.1 7.3.10]
-{{ent|3|date}} Stilwell [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aid%3Dphokaia "Phokaia"]
+* Stilwell [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aid%3Dphokaia "Phokaia"]
-{{ent|4|Herod_1.163}} Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.163.1 1.163]
+* [[Herodotus]] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.163.1 1.163]
-{{ent|5|colonies}} Stilwell [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aid%3Dphokaia  "Phokaia"]
+* Stilwell [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aid%3Dphokaia  "Phokaia"]
-{{ent|6|Herod_1.6}} Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.6.1 1.6]
+* Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.6.1 1.6]
-{{ent|7|Herod_1.164-168}} For Herodotus' account of the flight of the Phocaeans, see: [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.164.1 1.164&ndash;168]
+* For Herodotus' account of the flight of the Phocaeans, see: [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+1.164.1 1.164&ndash;168]
-{{ent|8|Herod_6.11-12}} Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+6.11.1 6.11-12]
+* Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+6.11.1 6.11-12]
-{{ent|9|Herod_6.8}} Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+6.8.1 6.8]
+* Herodotus [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+6.8.1 6.8]
-{{ent|10|coin}} [http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/worldofmoney/world_wom.html The British Museum]
+* [http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/worldofmoney/world_wom.html The British Museum]
 [[Category:Ancient Greek colonies]]
 [[Category:Asia Minor]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, December 12, 2005
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	[[Category:Ancient Greek colonies]]		[[Category:Ancient Greek colonies]]
		+	[[Category:Asia Minor]]

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 Rather than submit to Persian rule, the Phocaeans abandoned their city. Some may have fled to [[Chios]], others to their colonies on Corsica and elsewhere in the [[Mediterranean]], with some eventually returning to Phocaea. Many however became the founders of [[Elea]], around [[540 BC]].
-In [[500 BC]], Phocaea joined the [[Ionian Revolt]] against Persia. Indicative of its naval prowess, [[Dionysis]], a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive [[Battle of Lade]], in [[494 BC]].{{rf|8|Herod_6.11-12}} However, indicative of its declining fortunes,  Phocaea was only able to contribute three ships (out of a total of "three hundred and fifty three" {{rf|9|Herod_6.8}}). The Ionian fleet was defeated and the revolt ended shortly thereafter.
+In [[500 BC]], Phocaea joined the [[Ionian Revolt]] against Persia. Indicative of its naval prowess, [[Dionysis]], a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive [[Battle of Lade]], in [[494 BC]]. However, indicative of its declining fortunes,  Phocaea was only able to contribute three ships (out of a total of "three hundred and fifty three". The Ionian fleet was defeated and the revolt ended shortly thereafter.
 After the defeat of [[Xerxes I]] by the Greeks in [[480 BC]] and the subsequent rise of Athenian power, Phocaea joined the [[Delian League]], paying tribute to Athens of two talents. In [[412 BC]], during the [[Peloponnesian War]], with the help of [[Sparta]], Phocaea rebelled along with the rest of Ionia.

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 Phocaea remained independent until the reign of the Lydian king [[Croesus]] (circa 560 - 545 BC), when they, along with the rest of mainland Ionia, first, fell under Lydian control and then, along with Lydia (who had allied itself with [[Sparta]]) were conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in [[546 BC]], in one of the opening skirmishes of the great [[Greco-Persian Wars|Greco-Persian conflict]].
-Rather than submit to Persian rule, the Phocaeans abandoned their city. Some may have fled to [[Chios]], others to their colonies on Corsica and elsewhere in the [[Mediterranean]], with some eventually returning to Phocaea. Many however became the founders of [[Elea]], around [[540 BC]].{{rf|7|Herod_1.164-168}}
+Rather than submit to Persian rule, the Phocaeans abandoned their city. Some may have fled to [[Chios]], others to their colonies on Corsica and elsewhere in the [[Mediterranean]], with some eventually returning to Phocaea. Many however became the founders of [[Elea]], around [[540 BC]].
 In [[500 BC]], Phocaea joined the [[Ionian Revolt]] against Persia. Indicative of its naval prowess, [[Dionysis]], a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive [[Battle of Lade]], in [[494 BC]].{{rf|8|Herod_6.11-12}} However, indicative of its declining fortunes,  Phocaea was only able to contribute three ships (out of a total of "three hundred and fifty three" {{rf|9|Herod_6.8}}). The Ionian fleet was defeated and the revolt ended shortly thereafter.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Their sea travel was extensive.  To the south they probably conducted trade with the Greek colony of [[Naucratis]] in Egypt, which was the colony of their fellow Ionian city [[Miletus]]. To the north, they probably helped settle [[Amisos]] on the [[Black Sea]], and [[Lampsacus]] at the north end of the [[Hellespont]] (now [[Dardanelles]]). However Phocaea's major colonies were to the west. These included [[Alalia]] in Corsica, Massalia (Marseille) in France, and Emporion (Ampurias) in Spain.
-Phocaea remained independent until the reign of the Lydian king [[Croesus]] (circa 560 - 545 BC), when they, along with the rest of mainland Ionia, first, fell under Lydian control{{rf|6|Herod_1.6}} and then, along with Lydia (who had allied itself with [[Sparta]]) were conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in [[546 BC]], in one of the opening skirmishes of the great [[Greco-Persian Wars|Greco-Persian conflict]].
+Phocaea remained independent until the reign of the Lydian king [[Croesus]] (circa 560 - 545 BC), when they, along with the rest of mainland Ionia, first, fell under Lydian control and then, along with Lydia (who had allied itself with [[Sparta]]) were conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in [[546 BC]], in one of the opening skirmishes of the great [[Greco-Persian Wars|Greco-Persian conflict]].
 Rather than submit to Persian rule, the Phocaeans abandoned their city. Some may have fled to [[Chios]], others to their colonies on Corsica and elsewhere in the [[Mediterranean]], with some eventually returning to Phocaea. Many however became the founders of [[Elea]], around [[540 BC]].{{rf|7|Herod_1.164-168}}

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-'''Phocaea''' (modern-day Foça in Turkey) was an ancient [[Ionia]]n [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] city on the western coast of [[Anatolia]]. It is perhaps best known for having founded, in [[600 BC]], the colony of Massalia{{rf|1|Pliny_3.5}} (modern Marseille).
+'''Phocaea''' (modern-day Foça in Turkey) was an ancient [[Ionia]]n [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] city on the western coast of [[Anatolia]]. It is perhaps best known for having founded, in [[600 BC]], the colony of Massalia (modern Marseille).
 ==Geography==
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 The ancient Greek geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], says that Phocaea was founded by [[Phocis prefecture|Phocians]] under [[Athens|Athenian]] leadership, on land given to them by the Aeolian Cymaeans, and that they were admitted into the [[Ionian League]], after accepting as kings the line of [[Codrus]]. Pottery remains indicate Aeolian presence as late as the [[9th century BC]], and Ionian presence as early as the end of the 9th century BC. From this an approximate date of settlement for Phocaea can be inferred
-According to [[Herodotus]] the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, [[Tyrrhenia]] and Spain. Herodotus relates that they so impressed,  [[Arganthonius]], king of [[Tartessus]] in Spain, that he invited them to settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of money to build a wall around their city.{{rf|4|Herod_1.163}}
+According to [[Herodotus]] the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, [[Tyrrhenia]] and Spain. Herodotus relates that they so impressed,  [[Arganthonius]], king of [[Tartessus]] in Spain, that he invited them to settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of money to build a wall around their city.
 Their sea travel was extensive.  To the south they probably conducted trade with the Greek colony of [[Naucratis]] in Egypt, which was the colony of their fellow Ionian city [[Miletus]]. To the north, they probably helped settle [[Amisos]] on the [[Black Sea]], and [[Lampsacus]] at the north end of the [[Hellespont]] (now [[Dardanelles]]). However Phocaea's major colonies were to the west. These included [[Alalia]] in Corsica, Massalia (Marseille) in France, and Emporion (Ampurias) in Spain.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==History==
-The ancient Greek geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], says that Phocaea was founded by [[Phocis prefecture|Phocians]] under [[Athens|Athenian]] leadership, on land given to them by the Aeolian Cymaeans, and that they were admitted into the [[Ionian League]], after accepting as kings the line of [[Codrus]].{{rf|2|Paus_7.3.10}} Pottery remains indicate Aeolian presence as late as the [[9th century BC]], and Ionian presence as early as the end of the 9th century BC. From this an approximate date of settlement for Phocaea can be inferred
+The ancient Greek geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], says that Phocaea was founded by [[Phocis prefecture|Phocians]] under [[Athens|Athenian]] leadership, on land given to them by the Aeolian Cymaeans, and that they were admitted into the [[Ionian League]], after accepting as kings the line of [[Codrus]]. Pottery remains indicate Aeolian presence as late as the [[9th century BC]], and Ionian presence as early as the end of the 9th century BC. From this an approximate date of settlement for Phocaea can be inferred
 According to [[Herodotus]] the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, [[Tyrrhenia]] and Spain. Herodotus relates that they so impressed,  [[Arganthonius]], king of [[Tartessus]] in Spain, that he invited them to settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of money to build a wall around their city.{{rf|4|Herod_1.163}}