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'''Ptolemy III Euergetes''', ([[Greek language|Greek]]:'''Πτολεμαίος Ευεργέτης''', reigned [[246 BC]]–[[222 BC]]) is sometimes called Ptolemy III Euergetes I. The third ruler of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]] in [[Egypt]], he was the eldest son of [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]] and his first wife [[Arsinoe I]]. He came to power in 246 BC upon the death of his father. He is most noted for his invasions of the northern kingdom of Syria which he commenced upon the murder of his eldest sister [[Berenice Phernophorus]].

He married [[Berenice II of Egypt|Berenice of Cyrene]] in the year corresponding to 244/243 BC; and they were parents of [[Arsinoe III]] and [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]].

Ptolemy III Euergetes had put up the first of the [[Rosetta Stone]] series, the bilingual inscriptions on massive stone blocks in three writing systems. Ptolemy III's stone stela is the [[Decree of Canopus|Canopus Stone]] of 238 B.C.E. His son, [[Ptolemy IV]], is responsible for the Memphis Stele, or Memphis Stone, the second in the series, bearing the [[Decree of Memphis]], about 218 B.C.E. The famous [[Rosetta Stone]] is the third, erected by [[Ptolemy V]], in 196 BC.

Ptolemy III's stone contains decrees about priestly orders, and is a memorial for his daughter Berenice. But two of its 26 lines of hieroglyphs decree the use of a leap day added to the Egyptian calendar of 365 days, and the associated changes in festivals.

==See also==
*[[Ptolemaic Egypt]]- Egyptian history during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
*[[Ptolemais]] - towns and cities named after members of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
*[[Leap year]].

==External links==
*[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Africa/Egypt/_Texts/BEVHOP/6*.html Ptolemy Euergetes I at LacusCurtius] — (Chapter VI of E. R Bevan's ''House of Ptolemy'', 1923)
*[http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_iii.htm Ptolemy III] — (Royal Egyptian Genealogy)

{{start box}}{{succession box|title=[[Ptolemaic dynasty|Lagidae]]|before=[[Ptolemy II Philadelphus]]| | years= | after=[[Ptolemy IV Philopator]]}}{{end box}}

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[[Category:222 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemy 03]]

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 *[http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_iii.htm Ptolemy III] &#8212; (Royal Egyptian Genealogy)
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Ptolemy III Euergetes - Revision history

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Irlandos at 15:57, June 25, 2006