Queen Frederica - Revision history

Lazarus at 21:35, October 6, 2010

2010-10-06T21:35:50Z

Lazarus at 12:25, October 4, 2010

2010-10-04T12:25:07Z

Peeperman at 16:22, September 17, 2008

2008-09-17T16:22:12Z

Peeperman at 16:21, September 17, 2008

2008-09-17T16:21:30Z

Peeperman at 22:39, September 1, 2008

2008-09-01T22:39:39Z

Peeperman: Queen Frederika moved to Queen Frederica

2008-09-01T22:35:42Z

Queen Frederika moved to Queen Frederica

Irlandos at 18:53, August 22, 2006

2006-08-22T18:53:09Z

Irlandos at 09:53, December 23, 2005

2005-12-23T09:53:07Z

Irlandos at 13:01, December 7, 2005

2005-12-07T13:01:23Z

Irlandos at 11:58, August 10, 2005

2005-08-10T11:58:12Z

New page

'''Frederika of Hanover''', '''''Frederika Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])

Frederika of Hanover was born on [[April 18]] [[1917]] in Blankenburg, Harz, [[Germany]] to [[Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] and [[Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia]], a daughter of Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] and [[Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein]].

Through her maternal grandfather Frederika was a great-granddaughter of [[Friedrich III, German Emperor]] and [[Princess Victoria, Princess Royal]], eldest daughter of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]].

Through this relationship Frederika was a distant cousin of Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] and also of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]. As a descendant of [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] she was, at birth, 34th in the line of succession to the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[ throne]] although she had no British rank or title.

In [[1936]] Crown Prince Paul, later King [[Paul of Greece]] proposed to her in [[Berlin]] when he was there to see the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Their engagement was announced official on [[September 28]], [[1937]]. On [[January 9]], [[1938]] they married in [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. Paul was the son of [[King Constantine I|Constantine I]] and Princess [[Sophie of Prussia]], sister of Kaiser Wilhelm. (Therefore he was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria and a second cousin to Frederika)

During the early part of their marriage they resided at Villa Psychiko in the suburbs of Athens. Ten months after their marriage their first child was born on [[November 2]], [[1938]]: Sophia, the future Queen [[Sofia of Spain]]. On [[June 2]], [[1940]] their son and heir, Constantine was born. At the peak of [[World War II]], in April, [[1941]] the Greek Royal Family had to evacuate to [[Crete]] in a Sunderland flying boat.

In exile, [[King George II]] and the rest of the Greek Royal Family settled in South Africa. Here Frederika's last child Princess Irene was born on [[May 11]], [[1942]], the South African leader, General [[Jan Smuts]], served as her [[godfather]].

Shortly afterwards the German forces attacked Crete. Frederika and her family were forced to evacuate again, setting up a government-in-exile office in [[London]]. The family eventually settled in [[History of Modern Egypt|Egypt]] in February of [[1944]].

On [[September 1]], [[1946]] Greece decided in a [[plebiscite]] to restore King George to the throne. The Crown Prince and Princess, as Paul and Frederika were now titled, returned to their villa in Psychiko. A year later on [[April 1]], [[1947]] George II died, Frederika and her husband ascended the throne as King Paul I and Queen Frederika of the Hellenes.

Political instability blamed by critics on [[communist]]s in Northern Greece led to into [[civil war]]. The King and Queen toured Northern Greece under severe security to try appeal for loyalty in the summer of 1947.

The King and queen worked tirelessly for the royalist cause. The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August, 1949. The King & Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, they paid official visits to Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]] in [[Belgrade]], the Presidents [[Luigi Einaudi]] of [[Italy]] in [[Rome]], [[Theodor Heuss]] of [[West Germany]], [[Bechara El Khoury]] of [[Lebanon]], [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia]] , [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]] of [[ India]], [[George VI of the United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]] as guest of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. However at home in Greece Frederika was often the target of opposition, because as a girl Frederika had belonged to a [[Hitler Youth]] group. While at school in [[Italy]] she was said to have been heard defending [[Nazi Germany]] and three of her brothers served in the [[Wehrmacht]]. Her defenders argued that it would be an unwise parent in [[1930s]] Germany who did not allow their offspring to join the Hitler Youth, and she would not have been the only German child to have, in their naivety, to defended the political system operating there at the time. However in adulthood these things were to be weighed against her, by critics on the left.

Her [[November 16]], [[1953]] appearance in [[Life Magazine]] as America's guest was taken on one of the many state visits she paid around the world. Also that year she appeared on the cover of ''[[Time Magazine]]''. On [[May 14]], [[1962]] her eldest daughter [[Sofia of Spain|Sofia]] married Don [[Juan Carlos of Spain]], (later King Juan Carlos) in Athens.

On [[March 6]], [[1964]] King Paul died, and her son ascended the throne as [[King Constantine II|Constantine II]]. He married Princess [[Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie]] of [[Denmark]] later that year on [[September 18]]. Queen Frederika, now [[Queen Mother]] attended many royal events including the christenings of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece.

Constantine's clashes with Prime Minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] were blamed by critics for causing the destabilisation that led to a military coup on [[April 21]], [[1967]]. After a clumsily organised counter-coup by the King failed, he was forced to flee into exile. On [[June 1]], [[1973]] the [[Regime of the colonels]] abolished the Greek Monarchy. The new head-of-state was [[President of Greece]] [[George Papadopoulos]].

The dictatorship ended on [[July 24]], [[1974]]. A new democratic plebiscite was held in 1974 and confirmed the abolition of the monarchy.

Queen Frederika died on February 6, 1981 on exile in Madrid during [[ophthalmic]] surgery. In its obituary of the Queen, The New York Times reported that she died during "eyelid surgery," which led to frequent but unsubstantiated rumors that she died while undergoing plastic surgery. Other sources state that she died of a heart attack while undergoing the removal of cataracts.

She was interred at [[Tatoi]] (the Royal family's palace and burial ground in Greece). Her son and his family were allowed to attended the service but had to leave immediately after.

[[Category:1917 births|Hanover, Frederika of]]
[[Category:1981 deaths|Hanover, Frederika of]]
[[Category:Queen consorts]]

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 [[Category:1917 births|Frederica, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:1981 deaths|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
-[[Category:House of Glucksburg|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
+[[Category:House of Glücksburg|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:House of Hanover|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:Queen consorts|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 [[Category:1917 births|Frederica, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:1981 deaths|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
-[[Category:House of Glücksburg|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
+[[Category:House of Glucksburg|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:House of Hanover|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
 [[Category:Queen consorts|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, September 17, 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[Image:QueenFrederica of Greece.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Frederica of Hanover]]	+	[[Image:QueenFrederica of Greece.jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Frederica of Hanover]]
	'''Frederica of Hanover''', '''''Frederica Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])		'''Frederica of Hanover''', '''''Frederica Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, September 17, 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[Image:QueenFrederica of Greece.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Frederica of Hanover]]
	'''Frederica of Hanover''', '''''Frederica Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])		'''Frederica of Hanover''', '''''Frederica Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Frederika of Hanover''', '''''Frederika Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])
+'''Frederica of Hanover''', '''''Frederica Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])
-Frederika of Hanover was born on [[April 18]] [[1917]] in Blankenburg, Harz, Germany to Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, a daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein.
+Frederica of Hanover was born on [[April 18]] [[1917]] in Blankenburg, Harz, Germany to Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, a daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein.
-Through her maternal grandfather Frederika was a great-granddaughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor and Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
+Through her maternal grandfather Frederica was a great-granddaughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor and Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
-Through this relationship Frederika was a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and also of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].  As a descendant of George III, she was, at birth, 34th in the line of succession to the British  throne although she had no British rank or title.
+Through this relationship Frederica was a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and also of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].  As a descendant of George III, she was, at birth, 34th in the line of succession to the British  throne although she had no British rank or title.
-In [[1936]] Crown Prince Paul, later King [[Paul of Greece]] proposed to her in Berlin when he was there to see the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Their engagement was announced official on [[September 28]], [[1937]]. On [[January 9]], [[1938]] they married in [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. Paul was the son of [[King Constantine I|Constantine I]] and Princess [[Sophie of Prussia]], sister of Kaiser Wilhelm. (Therefore he was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria and a second cousin to Frederika)
+In [[1936]] Crown Prince Paul, later King [[Paul of Greece]] proposed to her in Berlin when he was there to see the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Their engagement was announced official on [[September 28]], [[1937]]. On [[January 9]], [[1938]] they married in [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. Paul was the son of [[King Constantine I|Constantine I]] and Princess [[Sophie of Prussia]], sister of Kaiser Wilhelm. (Therefore he was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria and a second cousin to Frederica)
 During the early part of their marriage they resided at Villa Psychiko in the suburbs of Athens. Ten months after their marriage their first child was born on [[November 2]], [[1938]]: Sophia, the future Queen [[Sofia of Spain]]. On [[June 2]], [[1940]] their son and heir, [[King Constantine II|Constantine]] was born. At the peak of [[World War II]], in April, [[1941]] the Greek Royal Family had to evacuate to [[Crete]] in a Sunderland flying boat.
-In exile, [[King George II]] and the rest of the Greek Royal Family settled in South Africa.  Here Frederika's last child [[Irene of Greece|Princess Irene]] was born on [[May 11]], [[1942]], the South African leader, General Jan Smuts, served as her godfather.
+In exile, [[King George II]] and the rest of the Greek Royal Family settled in South Africa.  Here Frederica's last child [[Irene of Greece|Princess Irene]] was born on [[May 11]], [[1942]], the South African leader, General Jan Smuts, served as her godfather.
-Shortly afterwards the German forces attacked Crete. Frederika and her family were forced to evacuate again, setting up a government-in-exile office in London.  The family eventually settled in Egypt in February of [[1944]].
+Shortly afterwards the German forces attacked Crete. Frederica and her family were forced to evacuate again, setting up a government-in-exile office in London.  The family eventually settled in Egypt in February of [[1944]].
-On [[September 1]], [[1946]] Greece decided in a plebiscite to restore King George to the throne.  The Crown Prince and Princess, as Paul and Frederika were now titled, returned to their villa in [[Psychiko]]. A year later on [[April 1]], [[1947]] George II died, Frederika and her husband ascended the throne as King Paul I and Queen Frederika of the Hellenes.
+On [[September 1]], [[1946]] Greece decided in a plebiscite to restore King George to the throne.  The Crown Prince and Princess, as Paul and Frederica were now titled, returned to their villa in [[Psychiko]]. A year later on [[April 1]], [[1947]] George II died, Frederica and her husband ascended the throne as King Paul I and Queen Frederica of the Hellenes.
 Political instability blamed by critics on [[KKE|communist]]s in Northern Greece led to into [[Greek Civil War|civil war]]. The King and Queen toured Northern Greece under severe security to try appeal for loyalty in the summer of [[1947]].
-The King and queen worked tirelessly for the royalist cause. The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August, [[1949]].  The King & Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, they paid official visits to Marshal Josip Broz Tito in Belgrade, the Presidents Luigi Einaudi of Italy in Rome, Theodor Heuss of West Germany, Bechara El Khoury of Lebanon, Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia , Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari of India, George VI of the United Kingdom, and the United States as guest of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  However at home in Greece Frederika was often the target of opposition, because as a girl Frederika had belonged to a Hitler Youth group.  While at school in Italy, she was said to have been heard defending Nazi Germany and three of her brothers served in the Wehrmacht. Her defenders argued that it would be an unwise parent in [[1930s]] Germany who did not allow their offspring to join the Hitler Youth, and she would not have been the only German child to have, in their naivety, to defended the political system operating there at the time.  However in adulthood these things were to be weighed against her, by critics on the left. Opposition also arose against her, during her reign as queen and even later, on account of her strong-willed personality and her meddling in Greek political affairs (often based on personal likes and dislikes).
+The King and queen worked tirelessly for the royalist cause. The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August, [[1949]].  The King & Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, they paid official visits to Marshal Josip Broz Tito in Belgrade, the Presidents Luigi Einaudi of Italy in Rome, Theodor Heuss of West Germany, Bechara El Khoury of Lebanon, Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia , Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari of India, George VI of the United Kingdom, and the United States as guest of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  However at home in Greece Frederica was often the target of opposition, because as a girl Frederica had belonged to a Hitler Youth group.  While at school in Italy, she was said to have been heard defending Nazi Germany and three of her brothers served in the Wehrmacht. Her defenders argued that it would be an unwise parent in [[1930s]] Germany who did not allow their offspring to join the Hitler Youth, and she would not have been the only German child to have, in their naivety, to defended the political system operating there at the time.  However in adulthood these things were to be weighed against her, by critics on the left. Opposition also arose against her, during her reign as queen and even later, on account of her strong-willed personality and her meddling in Greek political affairs (often based on personal likes and dislikes).
 Her [[November 16]], [[1953]]  appearance in Life Magazine as America's guest was taken on one of the many  state visits she paid around the world. Also that year she appeared on the cover of ''Time Magazine''. On [[May 14]], [[1962]] her eldest daughter [[Sofia of Spain|Sofia]] married Don Juan Carlos of Spain, (later King Juan Carlos) in Athens.
-On [[March 6]], [[1964]] King Paul died, and her son ascended the throne as [[King Constantine II|Constantine II]].  He married Princess [[Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie]] of Denmark later that year on [[September 18]]. Queen Frederika, now Queen Mother, attended many royal events including the christenings of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece. She still remained unpopular, though, as people saw her as the driving force behind her son.
+On [[March 6]], [[1964]] King Paul died, and her son ascended the throne as [[King Constantine II|Constantine II]].  He married Princess [[Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie]] of Denmark later that year on [[September 18]]. Queen Frederica, now Queen Mother, attended many royal events including the christenings of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece. She still remained unpopular, though, as people saw her as the driving force behind her son.
 Constantine's clashes with Prime Minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] were blamed by critics for causing the destabilisation that led to a military coup on [[April 21]], [[1967]]. After a clumsily organised counter-coup by the King failed, he was forced to flee into exile. On [[June 1]], [[1973]] the [[Junta|Regime of the colonels]] abolished the Greek Monarchy. The new head-of-state was [[President of Greece]] [[George Papadopoulos]].
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 The dictatorship ended on [[July 24]], [[1974]]. A new democratic plebiscite was held in 1974 and confirmed the abolition of the monarchy.
-Queen Frederika died on [[February 6]], [[1981]] in exile in Madrid during ophthalmic surgery. In its obituary of the Queen, The New York Times reported that she died during "eyelid surgery," which led to frequent but unsubstantiated rumors that she died while undergoing plastic surgery. Other sources state that she died of a heart attack while undergoing the removal of cataracts.
+Queen Frederica died on [[February 6]], [[1981]] in exile in Madrid during ophthalmic surgery. In its obituary of the Queen, The New York Times reported that she died during "eyelid surgery," which led to frequent but unsubstantiated rumors that she died while undergoing plastic surgery. Other sources state that she died of a heart attack while undergoing the removal of cataracts.
 She was interred at [[Tatoi]] (the Royal family's palace and burial ground in Greece). Her son and his family were allowed to attended the service but had to leave immediately after.
-[[Category:1917 births|Frederika, Queen]]
+[[Category:1917 births|Frederica, Queen of Greece]]
-[[Category:1981 deaths|Frederika, Queen]]
+[[Category:1981 deaths|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
-[[Category:House of Glücksburg|Frederika, Queen]]
+[[Category:House of Glücksburg|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]
-[[Category:Queen consorts|Frederika, Queen]]
+[[Category:House of Hanover|Frederika, Queen of Greece]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:35, September 1, 2008
(No difference)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Frederika of Hanover''', '''''Frederika Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa''''', Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg [[1917]]-[[1981]] was [[Queen consort]] of the [[Hellenes]] (Greece) during the reign of her husband King [[Paul of Greece]]([[1947]]-[[1964]])
-Frederika of Hanover was born on [[April 18]] [[1917]] in Blankenburg, Harz, [[Germany]] to [[Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] and [[Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia]], a daughter of Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] and [[Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein]].
+Frederika of Hanover was born on [[April 18]] [[1917]] in Blankenburg, Harz, Germany to Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, a daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Augusta Viktoria, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein.
-Through her maternal grandfather Frederika was a great-granddaughter of [[Friedrich III, German Emperor]] and [[Princess Victoria, Princess Royal]], eldest daughter of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]].
+Through her maternal grandfather Frederika was a great-granddaughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor and Princess Victoria, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
-Through this relationship Frederika was a distant cousin of Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] and also of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].  As a descendant of [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] she was, at birth, 34th in the line of succession to the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[ throne]] although she had no British rank or title.
+Through this relationship Frederika was a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II and also of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]].  As a descendant of George III, she was, at birth, 34th in the line of succession to the British  throne although she had no British rank or title.
-In [[1936]] Crown Prince Paul, later King [[Paul of Greece]] proposed to her in [[Berlin]] when he was there to see the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Their engagement was announced official on [[September 28]], [[1937]]. On [[January 9]], [[1938]] they married in [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. Paul was the son of [[King Constantine I|Constantine I]] and Princess [[Sophie of Prussia]], sister of Kaiser Wilhelm. (Therefore he was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria and a second cousin to Frederika)
+In [[1936]] Crown Prince Paul, later King [[Paul of Greece]] proposed to her in Berlin when he was there to see the [[1936 Summer Olympics]]. Their engagement was announced official on [[September 28]], [[1937]]. On [[January 9]], [[1938]] they married in [[Athens]], [[Greece]]. Paul was the son of [[King Constantine I|Constantine I]] and Princess [[Sophie of Prussia]], sister of Kaiser Wilhelm. (Therefore he was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria and a second cousin to Frederika)
 During the early part of their marriage they resided at Villa Psychiko in the suburbs of Athens. Ten months after their marriage their first child was born on [[November 2]], [[1938]]: Sophia, the future Queen [[Sofia of Spain]]. On [[June 2]], [[1940]] their son and heir, Constantine was born. At the peak of [[World War II]], in April, [[1941]] the Greek Royal Family had to evacuate to [[Crete]] in a Sunderland flying boat.
-In exile, [[King George II]] and the rest of the Greek Royal Family settled in South Africa.  Here Frederika's last child Princess Irene was born on [[May 11]], [[1942]], the South African leader, General [[Jan Smuts]], served as her [[godfather]].
+In exile, [[King George II]] and the rest of the Greek Royal Family settled in South Africa.  Here Frederika's last child Princess Irene was born on [[May 11]], [[1942]], the South African leader, General Jan Smuts, served as her godfather.
-Shortly afterwards the German forces attacked Crete. Frederika and her family were forced to evacuate again, setting up a government-in-exile office in [[London]].  The family eventually settled in [[History of Modern Egypt|Egypt]] in February of [[1944]].
+Shortly afterwards the German forces attacked Crete. Frederika and her family were forced to evacuate again, setting up a government-in-exile office in London.  The family eventually settled in Egypt in February of [[1944]].
-On [[September 1]], [[1946]] Greece decided in a [[plebiscite]] to restore King George to the throne.  The Crown Prince and Princess, as Paul and Frederika were now titled, returned to their villa in Psychiko. A year later on [[April 1]], [[1947]] George II died, Frederika and her husband ascended the throne as King Paul I and Queen Frederika of the Hellenes.
+On [[September 1]], [[1946]] Greece decided in a plebiscite to restore King George to the throne.  The Crown Prince and Princess, as Paul and Frederika were now titled, returned to their villa in Psychiko. A year later on [[April 1]], [[1947]] George II died, Frederika and her husband ascended the throne as King Paul I and Queen Frederika of the Hellenes.
-Political instability blamed by critics on [[communist]]s in Northern Greece led to into [[civil war]]. The King and Queen toured Northern Greece under severe security to try appeal for loyalty in the summer of 1947.
+Political instability blamed by critics on [[KKE|communist]]s in Northern Greece led to into [[Greek Civil War|civil war]]. The King and Queen toured Northern Greece under severe security to try appeal for loyalty in the summer of 1947.
-The King and queen worked tirelessly for the royalist cause. The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August, 1949.  The King & Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, they paid official visits to Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]] in [[Belgrade]], the Presidents [[Luigi Einaudi]] of [[Italy]] in [[Rome]], [[Theodor Heuss]] of [[West Germany]], [[Bechara El Khoury]] of [[Lebanon]], [[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia]] , [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]] of [[ India]], [[George VI of the United Kingdom]], and the [[United States]] as guest of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  However at home in Greece Frederika was often the target of opposition, because as a girl Frederika had belonged to a [[Hitler Youth]] group.  While at school in [[Italy]] she was said to have been heard defending [[Nazi Germany]] and three of her brothers served in the [[Wehrmacht]]. Her defenders argued that it would be an unwise parent in [[1930s]] Germany who did not allow their offspring to join the Hitler Youth, and she would not have been the only German child to have, in their naivety, to defended the political system operating there at the time.  However in adulthood these things were to be weighed against her, by critics on the left.
+The King and queen worked tirelessly for the royalist cause. The [[Greek Civil War]] ended in August, 1949.  The King & Queen took this opportunity to strengthen the monarchy, they paid official visits to Marshal Josip Broz Tito in Belgrade, the Presidents Luigi Einaudi of Italy in Rome, Theodor Heuss of West Germany, Bechara El Khoury of Lebanon, Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia , Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari of India, George VI of the United Kingdom, and the United States as guest of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  However at home in Greece Frederika was often the target of opposition, because as a girl Frederika had belonged to a Hitler Youth group.  While at school in Italy, she was said to have been heard defending Nazi Germany and three of her brothers served in the Wehrmacht. Her defenders argued that it would be an unwise parent in [[1930s]] Germany who did not allow their offspring to join the Hitler Youth, and she would not have been the only German child to have, in their naivety, to defended the political system operating there at the time.  However in adulthood these things were to be weighed against her, by critics on the left. Opposition also arose against her, during her reign as queen and even later, on account of her strong-willed personality and her meddling in Greek political affairs (often based on personal likes and dislikes).
-Her [[November 16]], [[1953]]  appearance in [[Life Magazine]] as America's guest was taken on one of the many  state visits she paid around the world. Also that year she appeared on the cover of ''[[Time Magazine]]''. On [[May 14]], [[1962]] her eldest daughter [[Sofia of Spain|Sofia]] married Don [[Juan Carlos of Spain]], (later King Juan Carlos) in Athens.
+Her [[November 16]], [[1953]]  appearance in Life Magazine as America's guest was taken on one of the many  state visits she paid around the world. Also that year she appeared on the cover of ''Time Magazine''. On [[May 14]], [[1962]] her eldest daughter [[Sofia of Spain|Sofia]] married Don Juan Carlos of Spain, (later King Juan Carlos) in Athens.
-On [[March 6]], [[1964]] King Paul died, and her son ascended the throne as [[King Constantine II|Constantine II]].  He married Princess [[Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie]] of [[Denmark]] later that year on [[September 18]]. Queen Frederika, now [[Queen Mother]] attended many royal events including the christenings of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece.
+On [[March 6]], [[1964]] King Paul died, and her son ascended the throne as [[King Constantine II|Constantine II]].  He married Princess [[Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie]] of Denmark later that year on [[September 18]]. Queen Frederika, now Queen Mother, attended many royal events including the christenings of her grandchildren in both Spain and Greece. She still remained unpopular, though, as people saw her as the driving force behind her son.
-Constantine's clashes with Prime Minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] were blamed by critics for causing the destabilisation that led to a military coup on [[April 21]], [[1967]]. After a clumsily organised counter-coup by the King failed, he was forced to flee into exile. On [[June 1]], [[1973]] the [[Regime of the colonels]] abolished the Greek Monarchy. The new head-of-state was [[President of Greece]] [[George Papadopoulos]].
+Constantine's clashes with Prime Minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] were blamed by critics for causing the destabilisation that led to a military coup on [[April 21]], [[1967]]. After a clumsily organised counter-coup by the King failed, he was forced to flee into exile. On [[June 1]], [[1973]] the [[Junta|Regime of the colonels]] abolished the Greek Monarchy. The new head-of-state was [[President of Greece]] [[George Papadopoulos]].
 The dictatorship ended on [[July 24]], [[1974]]. A new democratic plebiscite was held in 1974 and confirmed the abolition of the monarchy.
-Queen Frederika died on February 6, 1981 on exile in Madrid during [[ophthalmic]] surgery. In its obituary of the Queen, The New York Times reported that she died during "eyelid surgery," which led to frequent but unsubstantiated rumors that she died while undergoing plastic surgery. Other sources state that she died of a heart attack while undergoing the removal of cataracts.
+Queen Frederika died on [[February 6]], [[1981]] in exile in Madrid during ophthalmic surgery. In its obituary of the Queen, The New York Times reported that she died during "eyelid surgery," which led to frequent but unsubstantiated rumors that she died while undergoing plastic surgery. Other sources state that she died of a heart attack while undergoing the removal of cataracts.
 She was interred at [[Tatoi]] (the Royal family's palace and burial ground in Greece). Her son and his family were allowed to attended the service but had to leave immediately after.