Samos Island - Revision history

Irlandos: /* 1821-1912 */

2011-04-07T12:33:17Z

1821-1912

Irlandos: /* 1821-1912 */

2011-04-07T12:24:50Z

1821-1912

Irlandos: /* 1821-1912 */

2011-04-07T12:14:11Z

1821-1912

Irlandos at 07:17, August 4, 2006

2006-08-04T07:17:46Z

Irlandos: /* 1821-1912 */

2006-06-04T08:22:59Z

1821-1912

Irlandos at 13:30, May 13, 2006

2006-05-13T13:30:40Z

Irlandos: /* Climate */

2006-05-13T13:17:16Z

Climate

Lazarus at 13:56, December 10, 2005

2005-12-10T13:56:03Z

New page

'''Samos''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Σάμος) is an island in southeastern [[Greece]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], off the coast of Turkey. It is located between the island of [[Chios]] to the North and the [[Dodecanese]] Islands to the South. Products include tobacco, wine, honey, olive oil, and citrus fruit. The [[Muscat grape]] is a main crop used for wine production. With the neighbouring islands of [[Ikaria]] and [[Fourni]], the island of Samos is administered as part of Samos [[prefecture]] ''(nomos)''. Its capital and main port is the city of [[Vathi]], also called Samos; other ports are [[Karlovassi]] and Pythagoreion, formerly called Tigani. The nearest [[List of airports in Greece|airport]] is [[Samos Airport]].

The area of the island is 468 square kilometres, and it is forty-three kilometres long thirteen kilometres wide. The population is about 42,000, about 80% of the prefectural population. The highest point is the [[Kerketeus]] (1,433 metres).

==History==

In classical times the island was a centre of [[Ionia]]n culture and luxury, known for its wines and its red pottery (called [[Samian ware]] by the Romans). Its most famous building, for a brief time, was the archaic Ionic Temple of Hera (the Heraion), built by the architects Rhoikos and Theodoros c. [[540 BC]], which stood opposite the cult altar of Hera in her sanctuary. It was a ''dipteral'' temple, that is with a portico of columns two deep, which surrounded it entirely (''peripterally''). It had a deep square-roofed ''pronaos'' in front of a closed ''cella.'' Cella and pronaos were divided into three equal aisles by two rows of columns that marched down the pronaos and through the temple. The result was that Hera was worshipped in a temple fitted within a stylized grove of columns, eight across and twenty-one deep. The columns stood on unusual bases that were horizontally fluted.

The Heraion of Samos was the first of the gigantic Ionic temples. Unfortunately it stood for only about a decade before it was destroyed, probably by an earthquake. One of the [[kouros|giant statues]] from the Heraion survives in the Samos Archaeological Museum.

In the [[6th century BC]] Samos was ruled by the famous tyrant [[Polycrates]].

During his reign, two working groups under the lead of the engineer [[Eupalinos]] dug a [http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Eupalinos.htm tunnel] through Mount Kastro to build an aqueduct for supplying Tigani (the capital of Samos) with water, which was of utmost stragetic importance. It is not documented, which method [[Eupalinos]] employed to make the two groups meet in the middle of the mountain. With a length of 1,036 metres, the tunnel today is known as one of the masterpieces of ancient engineering.

Even so, the island followed the fate of the [[Ionia]]n cities, being subjugated to the Persian Empire. During the [[Peloponnesian War]] ([[431 BC|431]]–[[404 BC]]), Samos took the side of [[Athens]] against [[Sparta]], providing their port to the Athenian fleet.

Perhaps the most famous persons ever connected with classical Samos were [[Pythagoras]] and a slave who belonged to Iadmon, whose name was [[Aesop]] (famous for [[Aesop's Fables]]). In 1955 the town of Tigani was renamed [[Pythagorio]] to honour the famous mathematician. Other notable personalities include the philosopher [[Epicurus]], who was born on the island. The astronomer [[Aristarchus]], whom history credits with the first recorded [[heliocentric model]] of the solar system, lived on Samos. As did the great sculptor and inventor [[Theodorus of Samos|Theodorus]]. [[Herodotus]] (known for his book [[The Histories of Herodotus]]) lived in Samos for a time.

Samos was part of the Roman Empire, [[Byzantine Empire]], then Ottoman Empire.
===1821-1912===
The Samians, lead by [[Logothetis Lykourgos]], joined the Greek rising in [[1821]], when the Samians took '''Pythagorion Fortress'''.

In [[1824]] the Ottoman fleet was almost annihilated in the naval battle at [[Cape Fournia]]. Still, Samos was not included in the borders of the '''Kingdom of Greece''', established in the [[London Protocol of 1830]]. After yet another Greek victory in the naval battle of [[Karlovasi]], the island was granted autonomous status within the [[Ottoman Empire]] (1832/1834), guaranteed by Britain, France and Russia. A Turkish military force remained garrisoned on the island. The Turkish name of the principality was '''Sisam Emareti'''.

The island governor ('''Sisam Beyi'''), a Greek christian, was to be appointed by the High Porte; the island had a parliament of 4 members. Just as in the case of the Millet System, the task of the governor was to keep the Samians remaining loyal to the Ottoman Empire.

Ecclesiastically, the Orthodox Archdiocesis of Samos was placed under the Patriarch in Constantinople.
Rebellions in [[1849]] and [[1908]] were suppressed. In [[1855]] the newly constructed city of Samos (Vathy) became administrative center, a function hitherto held by Hora (since [[1675]]). In [[1871]], construction of the port of Karlovasi began.

From [[1894]] to [[1900]], the French overprinted French stamps 'VATHY' to be used on the island.

In [[1912]], following a coup lead by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], in which the anti-Greek governor [[Andreas Kopasis]] was murdered; the Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.

On [[August 3]] [[1989]], a [[Shorts 330]] of the Olympic Airways (now [[Olympic Airlines]]) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died.

==Climate==
[[image:Pythagoreion harbour.jpg|thumb|250px|Pythagorio, on the south-eastern coast of Samos]]
Its climate is mainly Mediterranean.





==Municipalities==

{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class=prettytable
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
! Municipality !! YPES code !! Seat !! Postal code !! Area code
|-
| Agios Kirykos || 4601 || [[Agios Kirykos]] || 833 00 || 22750-2
|-
| Evdilos || 4603 || [[Evdilos]] || 833 02 || 22750-3
|-
| Fourni Korseon || 4608 || [[Fourni Korseon]] || 833 01 || 22750-5
|-
| Karlovassi || 4604 || [[Karlovassi]] || 832 00 || 22730-3
|-
| Marathokampos || 4605 || [[Marathokampos]] || 831 02 || 22730-3
|-
| Pythagoreio || 4606 || [[Pythagoreio]] || 831 03 || 22730-6 thru 9
|-
| [[Raches (Samos), Greece|Raches]] || 4607 || [[Christon Rachon]] || 833 01 || 22750-4
|-
| '''Vathy''' || 4602 || [[Vathy]]/Samos || 831-00 || 22730-2
|}

See also: [[List of settlements in the Samos prefecture]]

==External links==
*[http://homepages.cwi.nl/~aeb/math/samos/ Tunnel of Eupalinos]
*[http://www.travel-to-samos.com Travel to Samos] Samos guide
*[http://www.samosin.gr samosin.gr]
*[http://www.samosnet.gr/index.php?newlang=eng samosnet.gr]
*[http://www.samos.be/there/ Allways new pictures of Samos]
*[http://www.holiday.gr/place5.php?place_id=44 Samos info] Samos by Holiday.gr

[[Category:Islands of Greece]]
[[Category:Prefectures of Greece]]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 From [[1894]] to [[1900]], the French overprinted French stamps 'VATHY' to be used on the island.
-In [[1907]], [[Andreas Kopasis]] was appointed governor of the island. He was opposed to the Progressive Party which, under [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], advocated union with [[Greece]]. In May of [[1908]], he invited 200 Turkish soldiers to the island. Riots took place when they landed on [[May 12]] and 80 persons were killed. In the end, Sofoulis was forced to leave the island while many of his supporters were jailed and 20 were sentenced to death. Kopasis was assassinated on [[March 9]], [[1912]] by Stavros Baretis.
+In [[1907]], [[Andreas Kopasis]] was appointed governor of the island. He was opposed to the Progressive Party which, under [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], advocated union with [[Greece]]. In May of [[1908]], he invited 200 Turkish soldiers to the island. Riots took place when they landed on [[May 12]] and 80 persons were killed. In the end, Sofoulis was forced to leave the island while many of his supporters were jailed and 20 were sentenced to death. Kopasis was assassinated on [[March 22]] (March 9 OS), [[1912]] by Stavros Baretis.
 Later in [[1912]], Greek guerrilas, led by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], landed on Samos. The Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 From [[1894]] to [[1900]], the French overprinted French stamps 'VATHY' to be used on the island.
-In [[1912]], Greek guerrilas, led by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], landed on Samos. The Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.
+In [[1907]], [[Andreas Kopasis]] was appointed governor of the island. He was opposed to the Progressive Party which, under [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], advocated union with [[Greece]]. In May of [[1908]], he invited 200 Turkish soldiers to the island. Riots took place when they landed on [[May 12]] and 80 persons were killed. In the end, Sofoulis was forced to leave the island while many of his supporters were jailed and 20 were sentenced to death. Kopasis was assassinated on [[March 9]], [[1912]] by Stavros Baretis.
 On [[August 3]] [[1989]], a Shorts 330 of the Olympic Airways (now [[Olympic Airlines]]) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died.

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 From [[1894]] to [[1900]], the French overprinted French stamps 'VATHY' to be used on the island.
-In [[1912]], following a coup lead by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], in which the anti-Greek governor [[Andreas Kopasis]] was murdered; the Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.
+In [[1912]], Greek guerrilas, led by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], landed on Samos. The Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.
 On [[August 3]] [[1989]], a Shorts 330 of the Olympic Airways (now [[Olympic Airlines]]) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:17, August 4, 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''Samos''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]] Σάμος) is an island in southeastern [[Greece]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], off the coast of Turkey. It is located between the island of [[Chios]] to the North and the [[Dodecanese]] Islands to the South. Products include tobacco, wine, honey, olive oil, and citrus fruit. The Muscat grape is a main crop used for wine production. With the neighbouring islands of [[Ikaria]] and [[Fourni]], the island of Samos is administered as part of Samos [[prefecture]] ''(nomos)''. Its capital and main port is the city of [[Vathi]], also called Samos; other ports are [[Karlovassi]] and Pythagoreion, formerly called Tigani. The nearest [[List of airports in Greece\|airport]] is [[Samos Airport]].	+	'''Samos''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]] Σάμος) is an island in southeastern [[Greece]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], off the coast of Turkey. It is located between the island of [[Chios]] to the North and the [[Dodecanese]] Islands to the South. Products include tobacco, wine, honey, olive oil, and citrus fruit. The Muscat grape is a main crop used for wine production. With the neighbouring islands of [[Ikaria]] and [[Fourni]], the island of Samos is administered as part of [[Samos prefecture\|Samos]] [[prefecture]] ''(nomos)''. Its capital and main port is the city of [[Vathi]], also called Samos; other ports are [[Karlovassi]] and Pythagoreion, formerly called Tigani. The nearest [[List of airports in Greece\|airport]] is [[Samos Airport]].

	The area of the island is 468 square kilometres, and it is forty-three kilometres long thirteen kilometres wide. The population is about 42,000, about 80% of the prefectural population. The highest point is the [[Kerketeus]] (1,433 metres).		The area of the island is 468 square kilometres, and it is forty-three kilometres long thirteen kilometres wide. The population is about 42,000, about 80% of the prefectural population. The highest point is the [[Kerketeus]] (1,433 metres).

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 Samos was part of the Roman Empire, [[Byzantine Empire]], then Ottoman Empire.
 ===1821-1912===
-The Samians, lead by [[Logothetis Lykourgos]], joined the Greek rising in [[1821]], when the Samians took '''Pythagorion Fortress'''.
+The Samians, lead by [[Lykourgos Logothetis]], joined the Greek rising on [[May 8]], [[1821]], when the Samians took '''Pythagorion Fortress'''.
 In [[1824]] the Ottoman fleet was almost annihilated in the naval battle at [[Cape Fournia]]. Still, Samos was not included in the borders of the '''Kingdom of Greece''', established in the [[London Protocol of 1830]]. After yet another Greek victory in the naval battle of [[Karlovasi]], the island was granted autonomous status within the Ottoman Empire (1832/1834), guaranteed by Britain, France and Russia. A Turkish military force remained garrisoned on the island. The Turkish name of the principality was '''Sisam Emareti'''.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Samos''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Σάμος) is an island in southeastern [[Greece]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], off the coast of Turkey. It is located between the island of [[Chios]] to the North and the [[Dodecanese]] Islands to the South. Products include tobacco, wine, honey, olive oil, and citrus fruit.  The [[Muscat grape]] is a main crop used for wine production.  With the neighbouring islands of [[Ikaria]] and [[Fourni]], the island of Samos is administered as part of Samos [[prefecture]] ''(nomos)''. Its capital and main port is the city of [[Vathi]], also called Samos; other ports are [[Karlovassi]] and Pythagoreion, formerly called Tigani.   The nearest [[List of airports in Greece|airport]] is [[Samos Airport]].
+'''Samos''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Σάμος) is an island in southeastern [[Greece]] in the [[Aegean Sea]], off the coast of Turkey. It is located between the island of [[Chios]] to the North and the [[Dodecanese]] Islands to the South. Products include tobacco, wine, honey, olive oil, and citrus fruit.  The Muscat grape is a main crop used for wine production.  With the neighbouring islands of [[Ikaria]] and [[Fourni]], the island of Samos is administered as part of Samos [[prefecture]] ''(nomos)''. Its capital and main port is the city of [[Vathi]], also called Samos; other ports are [[Karlovassi]] and Pythagoreion, formerly called Tigani.   The nearest [[List of airports in Greece|airport]] is [[Samos Airport]].
 The area of the island is 468 square kilometres, and it is forty-three kilometres long thirteen kilometres wide.  The population is about 42,000, about 80% of the prefectural population.  The highest point is the [[Kerketeus]] (1,433 metres).
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==History==
-In classical times the island was a centre of [[Ionia]]n culture and luxury, known for its wines and its red pottery (called [[Samian ware]] by the Romans). Its most famous building, for a brief time, was the archaic Ionic Temple of Hera (the Heraion), built by the architects Rhoikos and Theodoros  c. [[540 BC]], which stood opposite the cult altar of Hera in her sanctuary. It was a ''dipteral'' temple, that is with a portico of columns two deep, which surrounded it entirely (''peripterally''). It had a deep square-roofed ''pronaos'' in front of a closed ''cella.'' Cella and pronaos were divided into three equal aisles by two rows of columns that marched down the pronaos and through the temple. The result was that Hera was worshipped in a temple fitted within a stylized grove of columns, eight across and twenty-one deep. The columns stood on unusual bases that were horizontally  fluted.
+In classical times the island was a centre of [[Ionia]]n culture and luxury, known for its wines and its red pottery (called [[Samian ware]] by the Romans). Its most famous building, for a brief time, was the archaic Ionic Temple of [[Hera]] (the Heraion), built by the architects Rhoikos and Theodoros  c. [[540 BC]], which stood opposite the cult altar of Hera in her sanctuary. It was a ''dipteral'' temple, that is with a portico of columns two deep, which surrounded it entirely (''peripterally''). It had a deep square-roofed ''pronaos'' in front of a closed ''cella.'' Cella and pronaos were divided into three equal aisles by two rows of columns that marched down the pronaos and through the temple. The result was that Hera was worshipped in a temple fitted within a stylized grove of columns, eight across and twenty-one deep. The columns stood on unusual bases that were horizontally  fluted.
 The Heraion of Samos was the first of the gigantic Ionic temples. Unfortunately it stood for only about a decade before it was destroyed, probably by an earthquake. One of the [[kouros|giant statues]] from the Heraion survives in the Samos Archaeological Museum.
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 The Samians, lead by [[Logothetis Lykourgos]], joined the Greek rising in [[1821]], when the Samians took '''Pythagorion Fortress'''.
-In [[1824]] the Ottoman fleet was almost annihilated in the naval battle at [[Cape Fournia]]. Still, Samos was not included in the borders of the '''Kingdom of Greece''', established in the [[London Protocol of 1830]]. After yet another Greek victory in the naval battle of [[Karlovasi]], the island was granted autonomous status within the [[Ottoman Empire]] (1832/1834), guaranteed by Britain, France and Russia. A Turkish military force remained garrisoned on the island. The Turkish name of the principality was '''Sisam Emareti'''.
+In [[1824]] the Ottoman fleet was almost annihilated in the naval battle at [[Cape Fournia]]. Still, Samos was not included in the borders of the '''Kingdom of Greece''', established in the [[London Protocol of 1830]]. After yet another Greek victory in the naval battle of [[Karlovasi]], the island was granted autonomous status within the Ottoman Empire (1832/1834), guaranteed by Britain, France and Russia. A Turkish military force remained garrisoned on the island. The Turkish name of the principality was '''Sisam Emareti'''.
 The island governor ('''Sisam Beyi'''), a Greek christian, was to be appointed by the High Porte; the island had a parliament of 4 members. Just as in the case of the Millet System, the task of the governor was to keep the Samians remaining loyal to the Ottoman Empire.
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 In [[1912]], following a coup lead by [[Themistoklis Sofoulis]], in which the anti-Greek governor [[Andreas Kopasis]] was murdered; the Turkish garrison, in the context of the [[First Balkan War]], withdrew, a provisorical government was established; the island was annexed into Greece ([[1913]]). In [[1832]] the island population numbered c. 60,000, In 1886 Samos had a population of 41,156 (Meyers), in [[1912]], 55,000.
-On [[August 3]] [[1989]], a [[Shorts 330]] of the Olympic Airways (now [[Olympic Airlines]]) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died.
+On [[August 3]] [[1989]], a Shorts 330 of the Olympic Airways (now [[Olympic Airlines]]) crashed near Samos Airport; thirty-one passengers died.
 ==Climate==

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ==Climate==
-[[image:Pythagoreion harbour.jpg|thumb|250px|Pythagorio, on the south-eastern coast of Samos]]
 Its climate is mainly Mediterranean.<!--  Winters are rarely found in the higher elevations.  ??-->