Theodoros Kolokotronis - Revision history

Dutch Eagle: Adjusted to wiki grammar and trivia added.

2018-11-18T09:07:15Z

Adjusted to wiki grammar and trivia added.

Irlandos: /* Epilogue */

2007-09-11T10:13:11Z

Epilogue

Irlandos: /* Kolokotronis to the rescue */

2007-03-06T12:59:44Z

Kolokotronis to the rescue

Irlandos: /* Outbreak */

2007-03-06T12:54:59Z

Outbreak

Irlandos: /* Postbellum activities */

2007-03-01T12:24:57Z

Postbellum activities

Irlandos: /* Postbellum activities */

2006-10-05T14:33:34Z

Postbellum activities

Irlandos: /* Postbellum activities */

2006-10-05T14:32:44Z

Postbellum activities

Lazarus at 14:08, June 7, 2006

2006-06-07T14:08:03Z

Lazarus at 14:01, June 7, 2006

2006-06-07T14:01:11Z

Irlandos: /* Kolokotronis to the rescue */

2006-03-14T08:45:17Z

Kolokotronis to the rescue

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 [[Image:Kolokotronis01.jpg|thumb|350px|Theodoros Kolokotronis]]
 [[Image:Kolokotronis_statue.jpg|thumb|350px|Theodoros Kolokotronis statue in [[Nafplion]]]]
-'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Grk'''. Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[15 February]] [[1843]]) was a [[Greece|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
+'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Greek: '''Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[February 15]], [[1843]]) was a [[Greece|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
 ==Early life==
-Kolokotronis was born at [[Ramavouni]] in [[Messinia prefecture]], and grew up in [[Limpovisi]] in [[Arcadia prefecture|Arcadia]].  His father, [[Constantine Kolokotronis]], took part in an armed rebellion which was supported by Catherine the Great of Russia, then was killed in an engagement along with two of his brothers.  Theodoros joined the ranks of a Peloponnesian guerrilla band, and by age fifteen was the leader ("kapetanios") of his own group.  He had a brief stint at sea as a corsair, then in [[1805]] he took service on a series of ships in the Russian fleet in the Russo-Turkish War.  After 1810 served in a corps of Greek infantry in English service on [[Zakynthos]], and was awarded the brevet rank of brigadier for his service against the French.
+Kolokotronis was born at [[Ramavouni]] in [[Messinia prefecture]], and grew up in [[Limpovisi]] in [[Arcadia prefecture|Arcadia]].  His father, [[Konstantinos Kolokotronis]], took part in an armed rebellion which was supported by Catherine the Great of Russia, then was killed in an engagement along with two of his brothers.  Theodoros joined the ranks of a Peloponnesian guerrilla band, and by age fifteen was the leader ("kapetanios") of his own group.  He had a brief stint at sea as a corsair, then in [[1805]] he took service on a series of ships in the Russian fleet in the Russo-Turkish War.  After 1810 served in a corps of Greek infantry in English service on [[Zakynthos]], and was awarded the brevet rank of brigadier for his service against the French.
 [[Zakynthos]] is in the [[Ionian Islands]], which were then a British protectorate after being bandied about between Venice, France and Russia during the Napoleonic Wars.  Kolokotronis' service in the regular Russian and British forces, land and sea, would provide valuable insights to be used later in his career.
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 ==Postbellum activities==
-After the war Kolokotronis became a supporter of Count [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] and a proponent of alliance with Russia. When the count was assassinated on [[October 9]], [[1831]], Kolokotronis created his own administration in support of [[King Otto|Prince Otto of Bavaria]] as a king of Greece. However, later he opposed the [[Bavarian Rule|Bavarian-dominated regency]] during his rule. He was charged with treason and on [[7 June]] (May 25 OS) [[1834]] sentenced to death along with [[Dimitris Plapoutas]] another revolutionary. Both men were pardoned in 1835.
+After the war Kolokotronis became a supporter of Count [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] and a proponent of alliance with Russia. When the count was assassinated on [[October 9]], [[1831]], Kolokotronis created his own administration in support of [[King Otto|Prince Otto of Bavaria]] as a king of Greece. However, later he opposed the [[Bavarian Rule|Bavarian-dominated regency]] during his rule. He was charged with treason and on [[June 7]] (May 25 OS), [[1834]] sentenced to death along with [[Dimitris Plapoutas]] another revolutionary. Both men were pardoned in 1835.
 Theodoros Kolokotronis died in [[1843]] in [[Athens]].
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 Kolokotronis's famed helmet, along with the rest of his arms and armor, may today be seen in the National History Museum of Greece in Athens.  In addition to the Nafplio statue mentioned earlier, there is another to be seen in Athens, in the forecourt of the Old Parliament building on [[Stadiou Street]], near [[Syntagma Square]].
 ==Further reading==

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 In the twilight of his life, Kolokotronis had learned to write in order to complete his memoirs, which have been a perennial favorite in Greece and have been several times translated into English and other languages.
-Kolokotronis's famed helmet, along with the rest of his arms and armor, may today be seen in the National History Museum of Greece in Athens.  In addition to the Nafplio statue mentioned earlier, there is another to be seen in Athens, in the forecourt of the Old Parliament building on Stadiou Street, near [[Syntagma Square]].
+Kolokotronis's famed helmet, along with the rest of his arms and armor, may today be seen in the National History Museum of Greece in Athens.  In addition to the Nafplio statue mentioned earlier, there is another to be seen in Athens, in the forecourt of the Old Parliament building on [[Stadiou Street]], near [[Syntagma Square]].
 ==Further reading==

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 The Ottoman army from the north commanded by [[Mahmud Dramali]], after taking [[Corinth]] had marched to the Plain of Argos. The castle of Kastro Larissa was an excellent position, commanding the whole plain.  To leave such a stronghold straddling Turkish supply lines was far too dangerous.  Dramali would have to reduce the fortress before moving on.  Scaling the cliffs, breaching the castle's  stout walls, and overcoming its resolute defenders would be no easy task.  Yet there was one weakness Dramali was unaware of:  this citadel, unlike the famous [[Acropolis]] in Athens, had no spring and consequently fresh water had to be supplied from cisterns.  Unfortunately for the Greeks, it was July and no rains were falling to fill the cisterns.  Ypsilantis bluffed the Turks as long as he could, but towards the end of the month had to sneak his men out in the middle of the night.  Dramali's men plundered the castle the next day, and he was now free to march them toward the coast to resupply.  (The Greeks had pursued a scorched earth policy, and the large Ottoman force was eating through its food supplies rather quickly).  Ypsilantis defense had bought Kolokotronis and the klephts valuable time.
-To his dismay, Dramali found himself cut off from his supply fleet, which had intended to land at Nafplio but was successfully blockaded by the Greeks fleet under Admiral [[Andreas Miaoulis]].  Dramali reluctantly decided upon a retreat toward Corinth through the [[Dervenaki]] Pass, through which he had just come unmolested.  This was exactly what Kolokotronis had been hoping for.  In August 1822 his quicker-moving guerrilla forces trapped the Turks in the pass and annihilated them. In his memories he confesses that more then 35.000 turkish civilians including women and childern has been murdered by his guards. A devastated Sultan [[Mahmud II]] in [[Constantinople]] was forced to turn to Mohamed Ali, ruler of the nominally Ottoman pashaluk of Egypt for help.
+To his dismay, Dramali found himself cut off from his supply fleet, which had intended to land at Nafplio but was successfully blockaded by the Greeks fleet under Admiral [[Andreas Miaoulis]].  Dramali reluctantly decided upon a retreat toward Corinth through the [[Dervenakia]] Pass, through which he had just come unmolested.  This was exactly what Kolokotronis had been hoping for.  On [[July 26]], [[1822]] his quicker-moving guerrilla forces trapped the Turks in the pass and [[Battle of Dervenakia|annihilated them]]. In his memories he confesses that more then 35.000 Turkish civilians including women and children has been killed by his guards. A devastated Sultan [[Mahmud II]] in [[Constantinople]] was forced to turn to [[Mehmet Ali]], ruler of the nominally Ottoman pashaluk of Egypt for help.
-The Greeks resumed the siege against the fortresses at Nafplio, which fell in December.  Kolokotronis is said to have ridden his horse up the steep slopes of [[Kastro Palamidi]] to celebrate his victory there; a statue in the town square commemorates the event. He is attired in something resembling the costume of a [[hussar]] topped with a plumed [[Corinthian helmet]], which he was fond of wearing, and which foreign [[Philhellenes]] were even fonder of seeing him in.  (While he seems to have enjoyed dressing like a Western European cavalryman ''cum'' Ancient Greek [[hoplite]], he is also frequently depicted wearing the more traditional [[fustanella]] and other Greek accoutrements).
+The Greeks resumed the siege against the fortresses at Nafplio, which fell in December.  Kolokotronis is said to have ridden his horse up the steep slopes of [[Kastro Palamidi]] to celebrate his victory there; a statue in the town square commemorates the event. He is attired in something resembling the costume of a hussar topped with a plumed [[Corinthian helmet]], which he was fond of wearing, and which foreign [[Philhellenes]] were even fonder of seeing him in.  (While he seems to have enjoyed dressing like a Western European cavalryman ''cum'' Ancient Greek [[hoplite]], he is also frequently depicted wearing the more traditional [[fustanella]] and other Greek accoutrements).
 ===Parliamentary crisis===

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 ===Outbreak===
-Kolokotronis returned to the mainland just prior to the outbreak of the war (officially, March 25 1821) and formed a confederation of irregular [[Peloponnesus|Moreas]] [[klepht]] bands.  These he tried to train and organize into something resembling a modern army.  In May he was named ''archistrategos'' -- commanding general. He was already 50-years-old by this time, a fact which contributed to his sobriquet ''O Geros tou Morea'' -- "The Old Man of the Morea,"  Morea being another name for [[Peloponnesus]].
+Kolokotronis returned to the mainland just prior to the outbreak of the war (officially, [[March 25]], [[1821]]) and formed a confederation of irregular [[Peloponnesus|Moreas]] [[klepht]] bands.  These he tried to train and organize into something resembling a modern army.  In May he was named ''archistrategos'' -- commanding general. He was already 50-years-old by this time, a fact which contributed to his sobriquet ''O Geros tou Morea'' -- "The Old Man of the Morea,"  Morea being another name for [[Peloponnesus]].
 Kolokotronis first action was the defense of [[Valetsi]], the village near [[Tripolis]] where his army was mustering.

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ==Postbellum activities==
-After the war Kolokotronis became a supporter of Count [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] and a proponent of alliance with Russia. When the count was assassinated on [[October 9]], [[1831]], Kolokotronis created his own administration in support of [[King Otto|Prince Otto of Bavaria]] as a king of Greece. However, later he opposed the [[Bavarian Rule|Bavarian-dominated regency]] during his rule. He was charged with treason and [[7 June]] [[1834]] sentenced to death; but he was pardoned in 1835.
+After the war Kolokotronis became a supporter of Count [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] and a proponent of alliance with Russia. When the count was assassinated on [[October 9]], [[1831]], Kolokotronis created his own administration in support of [[King Otto|Prince Otto of Bavaria]] as a king of Greece. However, later he opposed the [[Bavarian Rule|Bavarian-dominated regency]] during his rule. He was charged with treason and on [[7 June]] (May 25 OS) [[1834]] sentenced to death along with [[Dimitris Plapoutas]] another revolutionary. Both men were pardoned in 1835.
-Theodoros Kolokotronis died in 1843 in [[Athens]].
+Theodoros Kolokotronis died in [[1843]] in [[Athens]].
 ==Epilogue==

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:08, June 7, 2006
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		+	[[Image:Kolokotronis01.jpg\|thumb\|350px\|Theodoros Kolokotronis]]
	[[Image:Kolokotronis_statue.jpg\|thumb\|350px\|Theodoros Kolokotronis statue in [[Nafplion]]]]		[[Image:Kolokotronis_statue.jpg\|thumb\|350px\|Theodoros Kolokotronis statue in [[Nafplion]]]]
	'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Grk'''. Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[15 February]] [[1843]]) was a [[Greece\|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.		'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Grk'''. Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[15 February]] [[1843]]) was a [[Greece\|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, June 7, 2006
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		+	[[Image:Kolokotronis_statue.jpg\|thumb\|350px\|Theodoros Kolokotronis statue in [[Nafplion]]]]
	'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Grk'''. Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[15 February]] [[1843]]) was a [[Greece\|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.		'''Theodoros Kolokotronis''' (Grk'''. Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης''', April [[1770]] - [[15 February]] [[1843]]) was a [[Greece\|Greek]] general in the Greek [[War of Independence]] against the rule of the Ottoman Empire.