Irlandos at 09:46, October 17, 2005

2005-10-17T09:46:19Z

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The '''Treaty of Sèvres''' of [[August 10]], [[1920]], was a peace treaty between the Entente and Associated Powers<sup>[[#Footnotes|1]]</sup> and the Ottoman Empire after [[World War I]]. The treaty was signed by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, who was trying to save his throne. However, it was rejected by the Turkish republican movement, and never came into effect. That movement, under the leadership of Kemal Atatürk, used the treaty as the occasion to declare itself the rightful government of Turkey, replacing the monarchy based in [[Constantinople]] with a republic based in Ankara.

The Ottoman Empire would have lost a great deal of territory by the terms of this treaty, which followed the outlines of earlier agreements between the Allies at the [[Conference of San Remo]] in April 1920. Hejaz (now part of Saudi Arabia), Armenia and Assyria were to become independent. Kurdistan was to be given autonomy. In accordance with the wartime Sykes-Picot Agreement, Mesopotamia and Palestine were assigned under mandate to the tutelage of the United Kingdom, Lebanon and an enlarged Syria to that of France. The [[Dodecanese]] and [[Rhodes]] (already under Italian occupation since 1911), with portions of southern [[Asia Minor]], were to pass to Italy, while [[Thrace]] and Western [[Asia Minor]], including the key port of [[Smyrna]] would become part of [[Greece]]. The [[Bosphorus]], [[Dardanelles]] and [[Sea of Marmara]] were to be demilitarized and internationalized, and the Ottoman army was to be restricted to a strength of 50,000 men.

The Kemalist government in Ankara rejected the terms of the treaty and resisted the Greek army's advance into the area assigned to Greece in Western Anatolia, and its further unilateral advance towards Ankara. Following the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]] and the disastrous defeat of the Greek forces, Ataturk signed a separate peace agreement with the Soviet Union. These events forced the former wartime Allies to return to the negotiating table, and the terms of Sèvres were revised in Turkey's favor by the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] in [[1923]].

== Footnotes ==
#The Entente and the Associated Powers were the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan (Principal Allied Powers), Armenia, Belgium, [[Greece]], the Hedjaz (Saudi Arabia), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, China and Czechoslovakia.

== See also ==

*[[Treaty of Lausanne]]

== External link ==
*[http://www.hri.org/docs/sevres/ Text of the Treaty of Sèvres]
*[http://www.atlas-of-conflicts.com/areas/armenia-and-karabakh/turk_arm_war-1-1920.php Armenia and Turkey in Context of the Treaty of Sevres: Aug - Dec 1920] - on "Atlas of Conflicts" by Andrew Andersen

[[Category:World War I]]

Treaty of Sèvres - Revision history

Irlandos at 09:46, October 17, 2005