Difference between revisions of "Attica prefecture"

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'''Attica''' (in [[Greek language|Greek]]: Αττική, '''Attikí''') is a [[Peripheries of Greece|periphery]] (subdivision) in [[Greece]], containing [[Athens]], the capital of Greece. Attica is also the only [[prefecture]] (''nomos'') in the periphery of Attica.
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#REDIRECT[[Attica]]
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Attica is located in what is today southern Greece, and covers about 3,800 square kilometers. In addition to Athens, it contains within its area the cities of [[Piraeus]], [[Eleusis]], [[Megara]], [[Laurium]], and [[Marathon, Greece|Marathon]], as well as the islands of [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], [[Aegina]], [[Poros]], [[Hydra, Saronic Islands|Hydra]], [[Spetses]], [[Kythira]], and [[Antikythera]]. About 3,700,000 people live in the ''nomos'', of which more than 95% are habitants of the Athens metropolitan area.
 
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Athens was originally the capital of [[Central Greece]].
 
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==Geography==
 
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Attica is a [[peninsula]] jutting into the [[Aegean Sea]]. Mountains divide the peninsula into the plains of Pedia, Mesogeia, and Thriasia.  The mountains include [[Hymettus]], the eastern portion of [[Geraneia]], [[Parnitha]], [[Aigaleo]] and the [[Penteli]] mountains. To the north it is bordered by the [[Boeotia]]n plain and to the west it is bordered by [[Corinth, Greece|Corinth]]. The [[Saronic Gulf]] lies to the south and the island of [[Euboea]] lies off the north coast.  Athens' first and only large reservoir named [[Lake Marathon]] is about 35 km northeast and is called the Marathon Dam which first opened in the 1920s.  Since that time, it is Attica's largest lake.  Forests cover the area around Parnitha, around Hymettus and into the northeast and the north in the hills and the mountains except for the mountaintops but the mountains to the west and the south are grassy, barren or forested.
 
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The [[Cephisus]] River is the longest river, and Parnetha or Parnitha is the tallest mountain in Attica. The prefecture also has parklands in the Hymettus, Penteli and the Parnitha mountains and the southern part of the peninsula.
 
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According to [[Plato]], Attica ancient boundaries were fixed by the [[Isthmus of Corinth|Isthmus]], and that in the direction of the continent they extended as far as the [[mountain|height]]s of [[Cithaeron]] and [[Parnitha|Parnes]]. The boundary line came down in the direction of the sea, having the district of [[Oropus]] on the right, and with the river [[Asopus]] as the limit on the left.
 
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==Climate==
 
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Its climate includes hot summers and cool to mild winters in low lying areas and its plains and most of the Saronic.  Winter is very common in the mountains of Parintha and areas that lie 1,000 m above sea level at its lowest.
 
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In the winters of [[1999]] and [[February 2004]], recent snowstorms plundered the area especially blocking and closing much of its roads as snow accumulated to 2 m.
 
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==History==
 
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The process of how Attica was united by Athens is not entirely clear, but it concluded at some point in the first half of the [[7th century BC]] when [[Eleusis]] and the surrounding plains were joined to the Athenian state, and its inhabitants became citizens. Even then, the boundaries were not fixed, as Athens struggled with [[Megara]] for control of [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], and with [[Boeotia prefecture|Boeotia]] over border towns like [[Oropus]] for centuries.  See [[History of Athens]].
 
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Attica later became part of (successively) the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire]]s, the [[crusade]]r [[Duchy of Athens]], and the [[Ottoman Empire]], until the [[Greek War of Independence]].
 
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The Penteli mountain was ravaged by a major forest fire in [[1995]].  The Penteli fire consumed forests and some buildings from the south to the north and the west to the east.  It was the worst fire in a couple of decades, and another major fire of this magnitude didn't happen until ten years later.  Another fire broke out near [[Koropi]] in the late-1990s and [[Parnitha]] in 2003.
 
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Another major [[List of forest fires|Forest fire]] ravaged the eastern part of Attica or the metropolitan area on [[July 2005|July 28, 2005]].  The fire started at about 11:00 AM (EET) (8:00 AM, GMT) and consumed nearly 7,000 ha or 70 km² (about 4% of the peninsula) of forests and properties including farmlands.  Fires devastated homes in the area near [[Agia Kyriaki Rafinas]] and [[Agia Triada Rafinas]] and two others near [[Neas Vourtzas]] and west of [[Loutsa]] (Artemida) consuming most of the forests in the hills almost surrounding the Mesogeian Plain and southeast of the Penteli ranges including parts of [[Pikermi]].  Smoke plummeted over the northern part within a couple of hours.  At about 3:00 PM (EET), fires reached the residential area and some buildings and began to burn houses which are mainly within the pine forest.  The fire burned 30 houses and displaced thousands people.  But as the winds got calmer, the smoke moved to the northeast and slowly disintegrated at about 8 PM and increased the chances to spray out the fire with hundreds of planes, about 65 helicopters and fire trucks from the surrounding area as well as most of Greece.  Before the fire disintegrated, flames almost reached the residential area south of Marathonos Avenue but it didn't reach the avenue.  Marathonos Avenue was shut down during that time.  The fire almost stopped but continued until the morning.  Homes near the forests including most of the hillside at Kallitechnoupoli were burnt in flames.  One of the fires sporadically outside Rafina was a minor and was later contained.  The fire also burnt hydro poles as well as one with the top part remains standing and also caused blackouts in Rafina before and during the nighttime hours.  Hydro were later restured to uneffected areas and later in affected areas.  The soil became ash.  Tree-planting programs will be in plan in the future, but no date has been set.
 
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==Transportation==
 
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===Roads and Highways===
 
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The area is connected by roads and highways:
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 1]] (superhighway)
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 3]] (old higway of Athens-Thessaloniki)
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 8]] (old highway linking Patras, the Peloponnese and Athens)
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 8A]] (superhighway)
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 54]], Marathonos Avenue
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 79]]
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 81]]
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 83]]
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 85]] (rare)
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 89]]
 
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*[[Greece Interstate 91]]
 
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*[[Attiki Odos]], number 6 (private owned superhighways), first opened in [[2001]] in the eastern part
 
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**Hymettus Ring (number 64), opened in [[2004]]
 
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**Aigaleo Ring (number 65), opened in [[2004]]
 
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**[[Ano Liosia]] Ring (opening soon)
 
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===Other===
 
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*[[Athens Mass Transit System]]
 
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**[[Athens Metro]]
 
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**[[Proastiakos]]
 
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**Transit System (Attica)
 
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==Communications==
 
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===[[List of Greek language television channels|Television]]===
 
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*[[902 TV]]
 
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*[[High TV]] - Athens
 
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*[[Magic Peiraia]] - Piraeus
 
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===[[List of radio stations in Greece|Radio]]===
 
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*[[87.7 En Lefko]] - [[Athens]] - 87.7 FM - http://www.877.gr
 
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*[[88.3 Village FM]] - [[Agios Ioannis Rentis]] ([[Athens]]) - 88.3 FM - http://www.villagefm.com
 
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*[[90.2 Aristera sta FM]] - [[Athens]] - 90.1 FM - http://www.902.gr
 
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*[[Antenna Radio]] - [[Athens]] - 97.2 FM - http://www.antenna.gr
 
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*[[Athena 9,84 FM]] - [[Athens]] - 98.3 FM - http://www.984fm.gr - Municipal Radio of the City of [[Athens]]
 
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*[[Atlantis FM]] - [[Athens]] - 105.2 FM - http://www.atlantisfm.gr
 
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*[[Athens Radio Deejay]] - [[Athens]] - 95.2 FM - http://www.radiodeejay.fm - Broadcasts nationally
 
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*[[Best Radio]] - [[Athens]] - 92.6 FM - http://www.bestradio.gr
 
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*[[Diesi 101.3]] - [[Athens]] - 101.3 FM - http://www.diesifm.gr
 
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*[[Diva FM]] - [[Athens]] - 106.2 FM - http://www.divafm.gr
 
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*[[Epikinonia FM]] - [[Athens]] - 94.0 FM - http://www.94fm.gr - Municipal Radio of [[Neo Iraklio]]
 
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*[[ERT Radio]] - public - [[Athens]] - http://www.ert.gr
 
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*[[Filia 107 FM]] - public - [[Athens]] - 107.0 FM/665 AM - http://www.ert.gr
 
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*[[Flash 96]] - [[Athens]] - 96.0 FM - http://www.flash.gr - Broadcasts nationally
 
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*[[Galaxy 92]] - [[Athens]] - 92.0 FM - http://www.galaxy92.gr
 
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*[[Jeronimo Groovy FM]] - [[Athens]] - 88.9 FM - http://www.jeronimogroovy.com
 
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*[[Kosmos 93.6]] - [[Athens]] - public - 93.6 FM - http://www.kosmos936.gr
 
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*[[Melodia FM]] - [[Athens]] - 99.2 FM - http://www.melodia.gr
 
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*[[NET 105.8]] - [[Athens]] - 105.8/91.6 FM/729 MW - http://www.ert.gr - Broadcasts Nationally
 
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*[[Nitro Radio]] - [[Athens]] - 102.5 FM - http://www.nitroradio.gr
 
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*[[Oasis FM]] - [[Athens]] - 88.0 FM - http://www.oasisfm.gr
 
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*[[Orange 93.2 FM]] - [[Athens]] - 93.2 FM - http://www.orange932.gr
 
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*[[Planet FM]] - [[Athens]] - 99.5 FM
 
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*[[Polis 88.6 FM]] - [[Athens]] - 88.6 FM - http://www.polisfm.gr
 
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*[[Profit FM]] - [[Athens]] - 96.6 FM
 
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*[[Radio 98 FM]] - [[Athens]] - 98.0 FM - http://www.radio98fm.gr - Free pirate radio of Athens
 
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*[[Radio Gold]] - [[Athens]] - 103.3 FM - http://www.radiogold.com
 
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*[[Radio Greece]] - [[Athens]] - via satellite - http://www.radiogreece.gr
 
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*[[Radio Sfera]] - [[Athens]] - 102.2 FM - http://www.sfera.gr - Broadcasts nationally
 
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*[[Red FM (Greece)|Red FM]] - [[Athens]] - 96.3 FM - http://www.redfm.gr
 
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*[[Rhythmos FM]] - [[Athens]] - 94.9 FM - http://www.rythmosfm.gr
 
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*[[Rock FM 96.9]] - [[Athens]] - 96.9 FM - http://www.rockfm.gr
 
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*[[Skai Radio]] - [[Athens]] - 100.3/100.6 FM - http://www.skairadio.gr - Broadcasts Nationally
 
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*[[Soho Radio]] - [[Athens]] - 89.8 FM - http://www.sohoradio.gr
 
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*[[Sportime FM]] - [[Athens]] - 89.2 FM
 
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*[[Supersport FM]] - [[Athens]] - 94.6 FM - http://www.sport-fm.gr - Broadcasts nationally
 
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*[[Superstar FM]] - [[Athens]] - 98.6 FM
 
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*[[Xenios FM]] - [[Athens]] - 94.3 and 97.4 FM - http://www.xenios943.gr - Municipal Radio of [[Ano Liosia]]
 
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In March, 2001, the Greek government shut down approximately 60 of the 90+ FM radio stations in the [[Athens]] area, citing interference to frequencies to be used by the new [[Athens International Airport]], though it is largely believed (and much evidence supporting this exists) that the government shut down these stations as a political favor to powerful publishing and media groups, whose stations, for the most part, remained on the air.  In 2002, 8 of these stations reopened, and in 2004, a few more stations reopened.
 
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==Sporting teams==
 
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===Basketball teams===
 
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*Peristeri
 
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===Football/Soccer teams===
 
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====Premier and second divisions ''A'' & ''B' Ethnikis''====
 
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*[[Aegaleo FC|Aegaleo]] (or Egaleo) - Aegaleo
 
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*[[AEK FC|AEK]] (Athlitiki Enosi Konstantinoupoliton) - Athens
 
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*[[Akratitos FC|Akratitos]] - [[Ano Liosia]] ([[Attica]]), founded in 1963
 
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*[[Apollon Athens FC|Apollon Athens]]
 
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*[[Atromitos Athens FC|Atromitos Athens]] - [[Peristeri]]
 
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*[[Chalkidona]] - Chalkidona
 
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*[[Ionikos FC|Ionikos]] - [[Nikaia (Athens), Greece|Nikaia]], founded in 1965
 
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*[[Kallithea FC|Kallithea]] - [[Kallithea]] ([[Athens]]), founded in 1966 --
 
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*[[Olympiakos FC|Olympiakos]] (Olympiakos Syndesmos Filathlon Pireos, OSFP) - Piraeus
 
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*[[Panathinaikos FC|Panathinaikos]] (Panathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos, PAO) - Athens
 
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*[[Panionios FC|Panionios]] - [[Nea Smyrni]] (Athens)
 
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*[[Proodeftiki FC|Proodeftiki]] - [[Nikaia]] (Athens)
 
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====Junior division====
 
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*[[Aris Petroupoli]] - Petroupoli
 
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*Aspropyrgos
 
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*[[Fostiras FC|Fostiras]] - [[Tavros]]
 
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*Gkyziakos - [[Gkyzi]]
 
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*Ilioupoli
 
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*Koropi
 
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*[[Olympiakos Papagou]] - Papagou
 
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*[[Panelefsiniakos FC|Panelefsiniakos]] - Eleusis
 
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==Hospitals==
 
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*[[Agios Panteleimonas Hospital]] - Nikaia
 
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*[[Eleusis Hospital]] - Eleusis
 
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*Hospital near Zografou
 
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==Municipalities==
 
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*[[List of municipalities of Attica]]
 
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==[[Provinces of Greece|Provinces]]==
 
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*''[[Province of Attica]] - Athens''
 
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*[[Province of Kythera]]
 
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*''[[Province of Megara]] (Megaris) - Megara''
 
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*[[Province of Salamis]] - Salamis, now part of Piraeus
 
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The former provinces in italics are no longer exists
 
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==Prefectural sects of Attica (agglomeration)==
 
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*Athens
 
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*[[East Attica]]
 
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*Piraeus
 
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*[[West Attica]]
 
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==Communities and Subdivisions==
 
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*See [[Communities of Attica]]
 
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{{Peripheries of Greece}}
 
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[[Category:Prefectures of Greece]]
 
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[[Category:Peripheries of Greece]]
 

Latest revision as of 14:52, October 30, 2005

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