Difference between pages "Discus" and "Shot put"

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The '''discus throw''' is an athletics ([[track and field]]) throwing event. The '''discus''', the object to be thrown, is a lens-shaped heavy disc with a diameter of 220 mm and a weight of two kilograms (4 lb 7 oz) for the men's event, and one kg (2 lb 3 oz) for the women's, with a smaller diameter of 182 mm.  In U.S. high school track and field, boys typically throw a discus weighing 1.616 kg (3 lb 9 oz) and the girls throw the 1 kg women's disc. The discus usually has sides made of plastic, wood, or metal, with a metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight.  Discuses with more weight in the rim produce greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although they are more difficult to throw.  A practice discus made of solid rubber is often used in high school; it is cheaper, more durable, and easier to learn to throw with (due to the more equal distribution of weight, as opposed to the heavy rim weight of the metal rim/core discuses).
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The '''shot put''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] σφαιροβολία) is an [[athletics]] (track and field) event involving "putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy metal ball, also called the shot, as far as possible.
  
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Discus throwing is an ancient sport. In the [[5th century BC]] the sculptor [[Myron]] produced a statue of a discus thrower (''[[Discobolus]]''), which is world-famous today (although the technique obviously employed by that ancient thrower is no longer considered anywhere near optimal).
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==Competitions and rules==
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Competitors take their throw from inside a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter, with a toe board approximately 4" high at the front of the circle. The shot must land within an angle of approximately 30 degrees.  The athlete must rest the shot in between the neck and shoulder and keep it tight to the neck while throwing. At the end of the throw, the thrower must push the throwing arm straight with the thumb pointing down; if the thrower does not push the ball out and throws it like a baseball, the thrower may receive injury. Throwing a shot requires immense strength and power as well as grace and balance; while not as much so as discus, shot put is not merely heaving a metal ball but requires finesse. The shot putters must enter and leave the circle from the rear half of the circle, or a foul is called. Other fouls include stepping out of the circle before the judge calls the mark, letting some article of clothing touch the top of the toeboard or outside the circle, and/or the shot falling outside of the borders to the left and the right. The distance thrown is measured from the front of the circle to where the shot lands at its nearest disturbance of the soil.  
  
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To make a throw, the competitor starts in a slightly recessed concrete-surfaced circle of 2.5 metres (8 feet 2½ inches) diameter. They typically wind up while facing away from the direction of the throw. The thrower then spins around one and a half times through the circle to build momentum.  The discus must land within a 40-degree or 60-degree arc marked by lines on the landing zone, and the competitor must not exit the circle until the discus has landed, and must then only exit through the rear half of the circle. The distance from the front edge of the circle to where the discus has landed is measured, and distances are rounded down to the nearest centimeter or half-inch. The competitor's best throw from the allocated number of throws, typically between three and eight, is recorded, and the competitor who legally throws the discus the furthest is declared the winner. Ties are broken by determining which thrower has the longer second-best throw.
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Each competitor gets a certain number of throws, usually 6 in elite competition, and the competitor with the farthest legal put is declared the winner. In men's competition, the shot weighs approximately 7.26kg (16 pounds). The women's shot weighs 4 kg (8.8 pounds).  
  
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The basic motion is a forehanded sidearm movement.  The discus is spun off the index finger of the throwing hand, spinning clockwise when viewed above for a right-handed thrower, and vice-versa.  As well as achieving maximum momentum in the discus on throwing, the discus's distance is also determined by the trajectory the thrower imparts, as well as the aerodynamic behaviour of the discus. Also, a faster-spinning discus imparts greater gyroscopic stability.  The technique of discus throwing is quite difficult to master and needs lots of experience to get right, thus most top throwers are thirty years old or older.
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Shot put competitions have been held at the Summer Olympic Games since their inception, and is also included as an event in the indoor world championships.  While the event is popular, competitors generally do not gain the same recognition as track athletes.
  
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== World records ==
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The shot put originates from Highland games 'stone put' where Scottish people put a rounded cube stone or metal form of considerable weight from behind a given line.
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The discus throw world record for men is:
 
  
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::* Jürgen Schult      74.08 m (243' 0.5")   Neubrandenburg, GER (then GDR)   [[June 6]], [[1986]]
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==Putting styles==
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There are currently two putting styles in use by shot put competitors, the glide and the spin. The first involves sidestepping to the front of the circle and releasing the shotput (the glide, invented in 1876 in the United States).  In [[1951]], Parry O'Brien of the United States invented a technique that involves the putter facing backwards, spinning 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot.  From this, in [[1976]], Brian Oldfield popularized a technique which involves rotating like a [[discus]] thrower (the spin).  The inventor of the spin is unknown although it was first used by the Germans in the early 1970's.
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In both cases, the key is to gain maximum forward velocity to help speed the shot on its way. Currently, most top shot putters use the spin, but the glide remains popular especially at the amateur level since the technique is easier to master.  It is noteworthy that the number one distance all time by a male putter (Randy Barnes) was completed with the spin technique and the close second-best all-time distance (Ulf Timmermann) was completed with the glide technique.
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==World records==
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The current world record holders are:
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:Randy Barnes (Outdoor)        23.12 m (75 ft 10¼ in) Parlier, CA, USA [[20 May]] [[1990]]
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:Randy Barnes (Indoor)        22.66 m (74 ft 4¼ in) Los Angeles, CA, USA [[20 January]] [[1989]]
  
 
And for women:
 
And for women:
  
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::* Gabriele Reinsch    76.80 m (251' 11.75") Neubrandenburg, GER (then GDR)   [[July 9]], [[1988]]
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:Natalya Lisovskaya (Outdoor) 22.63 m  Moscow, URS        [[June 7]], [[1987]]
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:Helena Fibingerová (Indoor) 22.50 m Jablonec, TCH [[February 19]], [[1977]]
  
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The discus is one of the few sports events in which the world record has never been set during the Olympics.
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The top distances for the last decade have decreased, especially for women, perhaps due to increased anti-doping efforts.
  
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==Discus throwing in Greece==
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==The Shot put in Greece==
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The sport has been familiar to Greeks since antiquity. It is mentioned in the [[Iliad]] as a sport that was included in the games held to honour the dead. It is also mentioned in the [[Odyssey]] as a sport that King [[Alkinoos]] organised to honour his guest [[Odysseus]].
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The Greek record for the shot put is held:
  
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Discus throwing was included in the first Athens Olympiad of [[1896]]. Greek athlete [[Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos]] won silver that year losing out to American Garrett.
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*For the men, by [[Dimitris Koutsoukis]] (20.74m) achieved on [[July 16]], [[1989]].
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*For the women, by [[Irene Terzoglou]] (19.10m) achieved on [[June 14]], [[2003]].
  
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===Male athletes===
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===Athletes - Men===
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*[[Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos]]
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*[[Kostas Giataganas]]
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*[[Sotiris Versis]]
 
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*[[Nikos Georgantas]]
 
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*[[Nikos Syllas]]
 
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*Giataganas
 
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*[[Antonis Kounadis]]
 
 
*[[Giorgos Tsakanikas]]
 
*[[Giorgos Tsakanikas]]
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*[[Stelios Agloupas]]
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*[[Loukas Louka]]
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*[[Kostas Georgakopoulos]]
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*[[Alexios Leonidis]]
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*[[Christos Papadopoulos]]
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*[[Michalis Stamatoyiannis]]
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*[[Savvas Panavoglou]]
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*[[Dimitris Koutsoukis]]
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===Athletes - Women===
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*[[Anna Verouli]]
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*[[Soultana Saroudi]]
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*[[Fotini Kyriakidou]]
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*[[Irene Terzoglou]]
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*[[Calliope Ouzouni]]
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*[[Eleni Tsentemeidou]]
  
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===Female atheletes===
 
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*[[Anastasia Kelesidou]]
 
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*[[Stella Tsikouna]]
 
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*[[Katerina Voggoli]]
 
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*[[Amalia Lamboura]]
 
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*[[Vasiliki Karafylli]]
 
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*[[Despina Kafenidou]]
 
  
  
 
{{Credit wikipedia}}
 
{{Credit wikipedia}}
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[[Category:Events in athletics]]
 
[[Category:Events in athletics]]

Revision as of 07:27, July 27, 2008

The shot put (Greek σφαιροβολία) is an athletics (track and field) event involving "putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy metal ball, also called the shot, as far as possible.

Competitions and rules

Competitors take their throw from inside a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter, with a toe board approximately 4" high at the front of the circle. The shot must land within an angle of approximately 30 degrees. The athlete must rest the shot in between the neck and shoulder and keep it tight to the neck while throwing. At the end of the throw, the thrower must push the throwing arm straight with the thumb pointing down; if the thrower does not push the ball out and throws it like a baseball, the thrower may receive injury. Throwing a shot requires immense strength and power as well as grace and balance; while not as much so as discus, shot put is not merely heaving a metal ball but requires finesse. The shot putters must enter and leave the circle from the rear half of the circle, or a foul is called. Other fouls include stepping out of the circle before the judge calls the mark, letting some article of clothing touch the top of the toeboard or outside the circle, and/or the shot falling outside of the borders to the left and the right. The distance thrown is measured from the front of the circle to where the shot lands at its nearest disturbance of the soil.

Each competitor gets a certain number of throws, usually 6 in elite competition, and the competitor with the farthest legal put is declared the winner. In men's competition, the shot weighs approximately 7.26kg (16 pounds). The women's shot weighs 4 kg (8.8 pounds).

Shot put competitions have been held at the Summer Olympic Games since their inception, and is also included as an event in the indoor world championships. While the event is popular, competitors generally do not gain the same recognition as track athletes.

The shot put originates from Highland games 'stone put' where Scottish people put a rounded cube stone or metal form of considerable weight from behind a given line.

Putting styles

There are currently two putting styles in use by shot put competitors, the glide and the spin. The first involves sidestepping to the front of the circle and releasing the shotput (the glide, invented in 1876 in the United States). In 1951, Parry O'Brien of the United States invented a technique that involves the putter facing backwards, spinning 180 degrees across the circle, and then tossing the shot. From this, in 1976, Brian Oldfield popularized a technique which involves rotating like a discus thrower (the spin). The inventor of the spin is unknown although it was first used by the Germans in the early 1970's.

In both cases, the key is to gain maximum forward velocity to help speed the shot on its way. Currently, most top shot putters use the spin, but the glide remains popular especially at the amateur level since the technique is easier to master. It is noteworthy that the number one distance all time by a male putter (Randy Barnes) was completed with the spin technique and the close second-best all-time distance (Ulf Timmermann) was completed with the glide technique.

World records

The current world record holders are:

Randy Barnes (Outdoor) 23.12 m (75 ft 10¼ in) Parlier, CA, USA 20 May 1990
Randy Barnes (Indoor) 22.66 m (74 ft 4¼ in) Los Angeles, CA, USA 20 January 1989

And for women:

Natalya Lisovskaya (Outdoor) 22.63 m Moscow, URS June 7, 1987
Helena Fibingerová (Indoor) 22.50 m Jablonec, TCH February 19, 1977

The top distances for the last decade have decreased, especially for women, perhaps due to increased anti-doping efforts.

The Shot put in Greece

The Greek record for the shot put is held:

Athletes - Men

Athletes - Women


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