Difference between pages "English Party" and "Treaty of London, 1832"

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The '''English Party''' ([[Greek language|Greek:]] '''Αγγλικό Κóμμα'''), was one of the three informal Early Greek Parties that dominated the early political history of Modern Greece, the other two being the [[Russian Party|Russian]] and the [[French Party|French]] one.
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The '''Τreaty of Constantinople''' was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February [[1832]] with the participation of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. The factors which shaped the treaty included the refusal of Léopold King of Belgium to assume the [[Greece|Greek]] throne. He ''inter alia'' was not at all satisfied with the Aspropotamos-Zitouni borderline, which replaced the more favorable [[Arta]] - [[Volos]] line considered by the Great Powers earlier.
  
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==History and party development==
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The withdrawal of Léopold as a candidate for the throne of Greece, and the July Revolution in France, delayed the final settlement of the frontiers of the new kingdom until a new government was formed in the United Kingdom. Lord Palmerston, who took over as British Foreign Secretary, agreed to the Arta - Volos borderline. However, the secret note on [[Crete]], which the Bavarian plenipotentiary communicated to the Courts of the United Kingdom, France and Russia, bore no fruit.
  
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The creation and evolution of these Parties was the effect of the interest that the three Great Powers (England, France and Russia) displayed for Greek affairs. As a result, they counted on the hope that Greeks had, that by supporting them those countries would also help Greek Kingdom to fulfill its expectations for economical progress and territorial expansion.
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Under the protocol signed on [[May 7]], [[1832]] between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until [[King Otto|Otto]] reached his majority (while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £2,400,000 sterling), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier. The Ottoman Empire was indemnified in the sum of 40,000,000 piastres for the loss of the territory. The borders of the Kingdom were reiterated in the London Protocol of [[August 30]], [[1832]] signed by the Great Powers, which ratified the terms of the Constantinople Arrangement in connection with the border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire and marked the end of the Greek [[War of Independence]] creating modern Greece as an independent state free of the Ottoman Empire.
  
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The establishment of the English Party should probably be considered the action that some leaders of the Greek [[War of Independence]] took in June of [[1825]], urged by Prince [[Alexandros Mavrokordatos]] and [[Georgios Kountouriotis]], to compose a letter, whereby Greece applied for protection to England.
 
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The party lacked support in [[Central Greece]] but was very powerful among the [[Phanariotes]], the landholders of the [[Peloponnese]] and the wealthy shipowners of the [[Aegean Islands]]. During [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]]' period lost much of its influence due to the establishment of the other parties, but it regained must of it after the arrival of [[King Otto]], since the political sympathies of the principal Regent, [[Josef Ludwig von Armansperg]], lay with Britain.
 
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Its unquestioned leader was Prince [[Alexandros Mavrokordatos]], and the party quickly started to decline in influence after his death in [[1855]].
 
  
 
==Sources==
 
==Sources==
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# Clogg, Richard; ''A Short History of Modern Greece''; Cambridge University Press, 1979; ISBN 0-521-32837-3
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*[http://www.mfa.gr/greek/the_ministry/eny/1832_constantinople_treaty.doc Treaty of Constantinople]
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# John A. Petropulos; ''Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece''; Princeton University Press, 1968
 
  
 
{{Credit wikipedia}}
 
{{Credit wikipedia}}
  
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[[Category:Defunct Political Parties]]
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[[Category:Treaties|London (1832)]]
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[[Category:History of Greece]]
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[[Category:History of Greece|London (1832)]]
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[[Category:1832|London (1832)]]

Latest revision as of 12:51, September 19, 2008

The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other. The factors which shaped the treaty included the refusal of Léopold King of Belgium to assume the Greek throne. He inter alia was not at all satisfied with the Aspropotamos-Zitouni borderline, which replaced the more favorable Arta - Volos line considered by the Great Powers earlier.

The withdrawal of Léopold as a candidate for the throne of Greece, and the July Revolution in France, delayed the final settlement of the frontiers of the new kingdom until a new government was formed in the United Kingdom. Lord Palmerston, who took over as British Foreign Secretary, agreed to the Arta - Volos borderline. However, the secret note on Crete, which the Bavarian plenipotentiary communicated to the Courts of the United Kingdom, France and Russia, bore no fruit.

Under the protocol signed on May 7, 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority (while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £2,400,000 sterling), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier. The Ottoman Empire was indemnified in the sum of 40,000,000 piastres for the loss of the territory. The borders of the Kingdom were reiterated in the London Protocol of August 30, 1832 signed by the Great Powers, which ratified the terms of the Constantinople Arrangement in connection with the border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire and marked the end of the Greek War of Independence creating modern Greece as an independent state free of the Ottoman Empire.


Sources

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