Difference between pages "Anastasios Papoulas" and "Prince Andrew of Greece"

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'''Anastasios Papoulas''' ([[1859]] - [[March]] [[1935]]) was a Greek general and commander-in-chief during the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|Graeco-Turkish War]] of 1919-1922.  
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His Royal Highness '''Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark''' ([[January 20]], [[1882]] - [[December 3]], [[1944]]), of the [[Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg|House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]], was the son of [[King George I]] (1845-1913), King of the Hellenes, and of [[Queen Olga|Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinova]] (1851-1926) of Russia.
  
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Born in 1859, Anastasios Papoulas entered politics in his early twenties eventually becoming a close friend and confidant of [[King Constantine I]]. Appointed commander of Greek forces in [[Asia Minor]] by Constantine in late 1920, however his offensive to establish Greek control over western Anatolia was halted at the [[First Battle of Inonu]] in January 1921. After being reinforced, Papoulas resumed his offensive on March 23, however his army, numbering 100,000 men, were again defeated at the [[Second Battle of Inonu]] on [[March 28]]-[[March 30|30]].  
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As he grew up he was taught English by his nannies, so in conversations with his parents he mostly spoke English. He was better at learning to speak [[Greek language|Greek]] than his siblings.  
  
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Relieved of command by Constantine, Papoulas continued to command forces at the [[Battle of Eskisehir|Battles of Eskisehir]] (August 16-17) and [[Battle of Sakarya]] (August 24-September 16) before taking command of retreating Greek forces from Afyon Karahisar, from late August to September 9, narrowly preventing a rout by the Turkish army.  
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Prince Andrew married HSH [[Princess Alice of Battenberg]] in a civil wedding on [[October 6]], [[1903]] at Darmstadt and in a religious wedding the next day in the Russian Chapel, Darmstadt. Princess Alice was a daughter of His Serene Highness, Prince and Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Louis of Battenberg. As such Princess Alice was a great grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and in the line of succession to the British throne.
  
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Following war's end in 1922, Papoulas became a strong opponent to the Monarchy after the establishment of the Greek republic as a supporter of the Venizelos government during the late [[1920s]] to the early [[1930s]]. Leading a coup in support of the Venizelos Liberal party in early 1935, his failure resulted in his capture and eventual execution for treason later that year.
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Their children were:
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*Princess Margarita ([[1905]]-[[1981]]). Married Prince Gottried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
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*Princess Theodora ([[1906]]-[[1969]]). Married Prince Berthold of Baden.
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*[[Princess Cecilie of Greece, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Hesse|Princess Cecilie]] ([[1911]]-[[1937]]). Married George Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (son of Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine). The couple with their two young sons and Cecilie's mother-in-law died in an accident when their plane crashed near Ostend on their way to George brother's marriage. A daughter survived them for eighteen months.
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*Princess Sophie ([[1914]]-[[2001]]). Married first Prince Christoph of Hesse and second prince George Wilhelm of Hanover.
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*[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip]] (born 1921), later Duke of Edinburgh and husband of Queen Elizabeth II.  
  
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==References==
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In the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)]], Prince Andrew was given command of the XI Division with the rank of Major-General. Later, he would be promoted to Lieutenant-General in charge of the B' Army Corps. He was stripped of command after failing twice to obey Greek Commander-in-Chief [[Anastasios Papoulas]]' orders to advance upon the enemy. His second act of disobedience left the A' Army Corps' flanks exposed to the enemy.
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*Forster, Edward S. ''A Short History of Modern Greece, 1821-1940'', London, 1941.  
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Following the [[Asia Minor Disaster]] in [[1922]], a group of officers rebelled against the royalist government and overthrew them. Six members of the government, including [[Dimitrios Gounaris]], were put on trial and executed. Prince Andrew also faced charges of treason but escaped the death penalty. Instead, he was stripped of his royal title and sent into exile for life. During this time the family became more and more torn apart, Alice and her daughters eventually settling in Germany separated from Andrew, and Philip wound up being taken care of by his relatives in the United Kingdom. Andrew went to Monte Carlo, Monaco, lived a lascivious life and died there, in [[1944]], in the arms of his mistress.
  
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{{Credit wikipedia}}
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Alice became a [[Greek Orthodox]] nun following her husband's death. She suffered a nervous breakdown and was institutionalized in Switzerland, emerged and founded (in [[1949]]) the Christian Sisterhood of Martha and Mary, an order of nuns tending the poor and sick on the island of [[Tinos]] in Greece. She sheltered Jewish families in Greece and was posthumously honored for heroism by Israel.
  
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[[Category:1859 births|Papoulas, Anastasios]]  
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[[Category:1882 births|Andrew, Prince of Greece]]
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[[Category:1935 deaths|Papoulas, Anastasios]]
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[[Category:1944 deaths|Andrew, Prince of Greece]]
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[[Category:Greek generals|Papoulas, Anastasios]]
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[[Category:House of Glücksburg|Andrew, Prince of Greece]]
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[[Category:Princes|Andrew, Prince of Greece]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, October 6, 2010

His Royal Highness Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (January 20, 1882 - December 3, 1944), of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was the son of King George I (1845-1913), King of the Hellenes, and of Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinova (1851-1926) of Russia.

As he grew up he was taught English by his nannies, so in conversations with his parents he mostly spoke English. He was better at learning to speak Greek than his siblings.

Prince Andrew married HSH Princess Alice of Battenberg in a civil wedding on October 6, 1903 at Darmstadt and in a religious wedding the next day in the Russian Chapel, Darmstadt. Princess Alice was a daughter of His Serene Highness, Prince and Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Louis of Battenberg. As such Princess Alice was a great grand-daughter of Queen Victoria and in the line of succession to the British throne.

Their children were:

  • Princess Margarita (1905-1981). Married Prince Gottried of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
  • Princess Theodora (1906-1969). Married Prince Berthold of Baden.
  • Princess Cecilie (1911-1937). Married George Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (son of Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine). The couple with their two young sons and Cecilie's mother-in-law died in an accident when their plane crashed near Ostend on their way to George brother's marriage. A daughter survived them for eighteen months.
  • Princess Sophie (1914-2001). Married first Prince Christoph of Hesse and second prince George Wilhelm of Hanover.
  • Philip (born 1921), later Duke of Edinburgh and husband of Queen Elizabeth II.

In the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), Prince Andrew was given command of the XI Division with the rank of Major-General. Later, he would be promoted to Lieutenant-General in charge of the B' Army Corps. He was stripped of command after failing twice to obey Greek Commander-in-Chief Anastasios Papoulas' orders to advance upon the enemy. His second act of disobedience left the A' Army Corps' flanks exposed to the enemy. Following the Asia Minor Disaster in 1922, a group of officers rebelled against the royalist government and overthrew them. Six members of the government, including Dimitrios Gounaris, were put on trial and executed. Prince Andrew also faced charges of treason but escaped the death penalty. Instead, he was stripped of his royal title and sent into exile for life. During this time the family became more and more torn apart, Alice and her daughters eventually settling in Germany separated from Andrew, and Philip wound up being taken care of by his relatives in the United Kingdom. Andrew went to Monte Carlo, Monaco, lived a lascivious life and died there, in 1944, in the arms of his mistress.

Alice became a Greek Orthodox nun following her husband's death. She suffered a nervous breakdown and was institutionalized in Switzerland, emerged and founded (in 1949) the Christian Sisterhood of Martha and Mary, an order of nuns tending the poor and sick on the island of Tinos in Greece. She sheltered Jewish families in Greece and was posthumously honored for heroism by Israel.

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