Difference between pages "Enosis" and "French Party"

From Phantis
(Difference between pages)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
 
Line 1: Line 1:
−
'''Enosis''' is the [[Greek language|Greek]] word for "union". In Modern Greek history, it has primarily been used to signify the unification to the independent Greek state, of an unredeemed part of the Greek nation (e.g. [[Crete]] and much more recently [[Cyprus]]).
+
The '''French Party''' [[Greek language|Greek]] '''Γαλλικό Κόμμα'''), was one of the three informal Early Greek Parties that dominated the early political history of Modern Greece, the other two being the [[Russian Party|Russian]] and the [[English Party]].
  
−
==Background==
 
−
In [[1830]], after the [[Greek Revolution]], Greece was recognised as an independent state. The newly-independent state, however, comprised little more than [[Peloponnesus]], [[Rumeli]] and the [[Cyclades]] island complex. Fully two-thirds of the Greek nation was left outside its borders. This included Greeks in [[Thessaly]], [[Epirus]], [[Macedonia]], [[Thrace]], western [[Asia Minor]], [[Pontus]], several [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] islands including [[Crete]], [[Chios]], [[Lesbos]] and [[Samos]] plus the island of [[Cyprus]].
 
  
−
Some, like [[Samos]], had limited autonomy but the majority had little say in their future and yearned to unite with their brethren in the Greek State. For them the word "Enosis" became a rallying cry.
+
==History and party development==
  
−
After the [[First Balkan War]], most of the islands of the Aegean Sea were united with Greece as was the independent state of [[Crete]]. After the [[Asia Minor disaster]], more than 1,000,000 Greeks of Asia Minor came to Greece as refugees. After [[World War II]], the [[Dodecanese]] were re-united with their Greek brethren so, in the post-WW II years, "Enosis" has been used nearly exclusively to mean the union of [[Cyprus]], a British colony until [[1960]] and "independent" state since, with the Greek state.  
+
The creation and evolution of these Parties was the effect of the interest that the three Great Powers (England, France and Russia) displayed for Greek affairs. As a result, they counted on the hope that Greeks had, that by supporting them those countries would also help the [[Greece|Greek Kingdom]] to fulfill its expectations for economic progress and territorial expansion.
  
−
==Cyprus==
+
The French party began as a political faction centered on [[Ioannis Kolettis]] during the [[Second National Assembly]] at [[Astros]] in [[1824]].<ref>Petropulos, John, pp. 85-86</ref>  Kolettis was the most powerful political leader emerging from the assembly and that added strength to his faction.<ref>Petropulos, John, pp. 88-89</ref>
−
Enosis was sought by the Greek majority of Cyprus since the British arrived on the island. In greeting the first British governor, the Archbishop of Cyprus made him aware of his flock's wishes concerning the future of the island.
 
  
−
In [[1931]], frustration over British apathy towards their aspirations led Cypriots to demonstrate in [[Lefkosia]] and throughout Cyprus. The heavy-handed British response turned the demonstrations into riots with several government buildings burned down.
+
The parties were also defined by the so-called "Three Intrigues" by which each faction supported a post-revolutionary leader of the respective power.  The French faction supported the Duke of Nemours brother of the future king of France in [[1825]]. <ref>Petropulos, John, pp. 98-100</ref> The other factions responded by supporting others for the throne.  
  
−
On [[January 15]], [[1950]], the Church of Cyprus organised a plebiscite with over 96% voting for Enosis with Greece.  
+
During the Governorship of [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], the French party and English party were both opposed to the ruling Russian (or Napist) party.  This coalition would continue under the rubrik of demanding a written constitution.  By [[1831]] or [[1832]] as the new Bavarian monarch, [[King Otto|Otto]] was being selected as king, the French party was firmly established by Kolettis.<ref>Petropulos, John, pp. 136</ref>
 +
 
 +
The party had support in [[Central Greece]], especially East [[Rumeli]] and [[Euboea]] but was also strong among [[Peloponnesus|Pelopponesian]] landowners of the Deligiannis faction.
  
−
Finally, on [[April 1]], [[1955]], after all previous actions had failed, the Cypriots resorted to armed struggle forming the military organisation [[EOKA]] whose one and only aim was Enosis with Greece. The British refused to give in and, in [[1960]], following the treaties of London and Zurich, the Republic of Cyprus was proclaimed. As Samos and Crete had also gone through a period of independence prior to their unification with the mother country, many Cypriots also hoped that would be the case with them. To date, Enosis in their case has not been achieved.
+
==Leaders of the party==
  
 +
Even though the party was an informal grouping, Kolettis was its dominating leader and the French party, of all the Greek parties of the period, was centered on its leader.  Nevertheless, certain other factional leaders were important in the development of the party, including
 +
 +
*[[Ioannis Makriyiannis]] (leader of the constitutional revolt of [[1843]])
 +
*[[Adam Doukas]]
 +
*[[Georgios Kountouriotis]]
 +
*[[Nikolaos Botasis (younger)|Nikolaos Botasis]]
 +
 +
Eventually, the party, like the other early great-power client parties lost power and were replaced in the reign of [[King George I]] by more idealogical parties.
 +
 +
==Sources==
 +
# Clogg, Richard; ''A Short History of Modern Greece''; Cambridge University Press, 1979; ISBN 0-521-32837-3
 +
# John A. Petropulos; ''Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece''; Princeton University Press, 1968
 +
 +
==References and Notes==
 +
# ^Petropulos, John, pp. 85-86 
 +
# ^Petropulos, John, pp. 88-89
 +
# ^ Petropulos, John, pp. 98-100
 +
# ^Petropulos, John, pp. 136
 +
 +
 +
{{Credit wikipedia}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Defunct Political Parties]]
 
[[Category:History of Greece]]
 
[[Category:History of Greece]]

Latest revision as of 14:10, February 18, 2011

The French Party Greek Γαλλικό Κόμμα), was one of the three informal Early Greek Parties that dominated the early political history of Modern Greece, the other two being the Russian and the English Party.


History and party development

The creation and evolution of these Parties was the effect of the interest that the three Great Powers (England, France and Russia) displayed for Greek affairs. As a result, they counted on the hope that Greeks had, that by supporting them those countries would also help the Greek Kingdom to fulfill its expectations for economic progress and territorial expansion.

The French party began as a political faction centered on Ioannis Kolettis during the Second National Assembly at Astros in 1824.[1] Kolettis was the most powerful political leader emerging from the assembly and that added strength to his faction.[2]

The parties were also defined by the so-called "Three Intrigues" by which each faction supported a post-revolutionary leader of the respective power. The French faction supported the Duke of Nemours brother of the future king of France in 1825. [3] The other factions responded by supporting others for the throne.

During the Governorship of Ioannis Kapodistrias, the French party and English party were both opposed to the ruling Russian (or Napist) party. This coalition would continue under the rubrik of demanding a written constitution. By 1831 or 1832 as the new Bavarian monarch, Otto was being selected as king, the French party was firmly established by Kolettis.[4]

The party had support in Central Greece, especially East Rumeli and Euboea but was also strong among Pelopponesian landowners of the Deligiannis faction.

Leaders of the party

Even though the party was an informal grouping, Kolettis was its dominating leader and the French party, of all the Greek parties of the period, was centered on its leader. Nevertheless, certain other factional leaders were important in the development of the party, including

Eventually, the party, like the other early great-power client parties lost power and were replaced in the reign of King George I by more idealogical parties.

Sources

  1. Clogg, Richard; A Short History of Modern Greece; Cambridge University Press, 1979; ISBN 0-521-32837-3
  2. John A. Petropulos; Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece; Princeton University Press, 1968

References and Notes

  1. ^Petropulos, John, pp. 85-86
  2. ^Petropulos, John, pp. 88-89
  3. ^ Petropulos, John, pp. 98-100
  4. ^Petropulos, John, pp. 136


A portion of content for this article is credited to Wikipedia. Content under GNU Free Documentation License(GFDL)

  1. ↑ Petropulos, John, pp. 85-86
  2. ↑ Petropulos, John, pp. 88-89
  3. ↑ Petropulos, John, pp. 98-100
  4. ↑ Petropulos, John, pp. 136
Retrieved from "https://wiki.phantis.com/index.php?title=Enosis&oldid=43277"