Difference between pages "War of Independence" and "1977"

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[[Image:Germanos_patras.jpg|thumb|250px|March 25th, 1821]]On [[March 25]], [[1821]] the [[Bishop Germanos of Patra]] raised the Greek flag at the [[Monastery of Agia Lavra]] in [[Peloponnesus]] and one more revolution started against the Turks. The people of [[Greece]] shouted "[[Freedom or Death]]" and they fought the War of Independence for 9 years ([[1821]]-[[1829]]) until a small part of modern Greece was finally liberated and it was declared an independent nation.
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==Events==
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===January===
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*[[January 8]]: Greek police confiscate 11 tons of hashish in [[Corinthia]]. Composer [[Vasilis Tsitsanis]] creates a hit-song on the subject: "The boat from Persia".
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===March===
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*[[March 16]]: [[AEK FC|AEK]] qualify for the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup as they equalise QPR's 3-0 score in the first leg and eliminate the English club on penalties when late-substitute keeper, [[Nikos Christidis]], saves two.
  
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The seeds of revolution had been planted earlier by the preaching of [[St. Kosmas Aitolos]] and by the writings and poetry of [[Rigas Feraios]]. Born in [[Thessaly]] and educated in [[Constantinople]], Feraios published a Greek-language newspaper ''Ephimeris'' in Vienna in the [[1790]]s. He was deeply influenced by the French Revolution and he published revolutionary tracts, stirring poems and proposed republican constitutions for Greek and pan-Balkan nations.
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===June===
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His "Map of Greece" included all lands that Greeks inhabited at the time and had [[Constantinople]] as the capital.  He was arrested by Austrian officials in Trieste in [[1797]] when he was betrayed by a Greek merchant in that city.  He was handed over to Ottoman officials and was transported to Belgrade with his co-conspirators.  They were all strangled to death and their bodies dumped in the Danube River in [[June]], [[1798]].  Instead of diminishing support for [[Rigas Feraios|Feraios]]' ideas, his martyrdom fanned the flames of Greek independence.
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*[[June 4]]: Greece releases five British plane-spotters imprisoned for spying; they were released after 10 weeks in jail. {[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/4/newsid_2527000/2527187.stm BBC])
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*[[June 26]]: [[Stelios Agloupas]] becomes the first Greek [[discus]] thrower to break the 60m barrier (60.08m).
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===August===
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*[[August 3]]: Archbishop [[Makarios III]] dies and is succeeded to the Presidency of [[Cyprus]] by [[Spyros Kyprianou]]
  
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In [[1814]], Greek nationalists formed a secret organization called the Friendly Society (''[[Filiki Eteria]]'') in Odessa. With the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in Britain and the United States, the aid of sympathizers in western Europe and covert assistance from Russia, they planned a rebellion. [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], an official from the [[Ionian Islands]] who had become the Russian Foreign Minister, was sought as the leader of the planned revolt, however, after he declined, [[Alexander Ypsilantis]] was given the post.
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===November===
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*[[November 2]]: Torrential rains cause the overflow of [[Kifissos River|Kifissos]] and surrounding rivers. 12 people in [[Athens]] and [[Piraeus]] die from flood waters.
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*[[November 8]]: Greek archaeologist [[Manolis Andronikos]] announces that he had found the unopened tomb of [[Philip II of Macedon]] at [[Vergina]], [[Pieria prefecture]].
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*[[November 12]]: [[Paphos]] Bishop [[Chrysostomos I of Cyprus|Chrysostomos]] is elected [[List of Archbishops of Cyprus|Archbishop of Cyprus]].
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*[[November 20]]:  [[New Democracy]] is declared winner of the elections with 41.85% of the vote. [[PASOK]] wins 25.3% and becomes the opposition party.
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*[[November 30]]: The [[Union of the Democratic Centre]] (EDIK) party elects [[Ioannis Zigdis]] as its leader.
  
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Early in March 1821, [[Alexander Ypsilantis]], accompanied by several other Greek officers, crossed the river Prut in Romania, and with his army of volunteers attempted to stir the flames of revolution in Romania, however, his efforts were unsuccessful. Finally, on the 25th of the month the revolution took root in Greece itself. Simultaneous risings were planned across Greece, including in [[Macedonia]], [[Crete]] and [[Cyprus]]. With the advantage of surprise, the Greeks succeeded in taking control of the Peloponnese and some other areas.
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===December===
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*[[December 26]]: Greek footballers go on strike. The [[Alpha Ethniki]] matches, however, proceed as all clubs field amateurs.
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*[[December 26]]: [[Dimitris Saravakos]] makes his debut with [[Panionios FC|Panionios]] in a match against [[Aegaleo FC|Aegaleo]].
  
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The Ottomans soon recovered, and retaliated violently, hanging the Ecumenical [[Patriarch  Gregory V]] and massacring the Greek population of [[Chios]] and other towns. The retribution, however, drew sympathy for the Greek cause in western Europe—although the British and French governments suspected that the uprising was a Russian plot to seize Greece and possibly Constantinople from the Ottomans. The Greeks were unable to establish a coherent government in the areas they controlled, and soon fell to fighting among themselves. Inconclusive fighting between Greeks and Ottomans continued until [[1825]], when the Sultan asked for help from his most powerful vassal, Egypt.  
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==Births==
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===February===
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*[[February 11]]: [[Yiannis Okkas]], footballer
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===March===
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*[[March 6]]: [[Giorgos Karagounis]], footballer.
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===May===
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*[[May 8]]: [[Theodoros Papaloukas]], [[basketball]] player
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*[[May 26]]: [[Nikos Hatzivrettas]], [[basketball]] player.
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*[[May 26]]: [[Chrysis Michael]], [[Cypriot]] footballer.
  
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Egypt was then ruled by [[Mehmet Ali pasha]], a Turk who was born in [[Kavala]], who was eager to test his newly modernized armed forces. The Ottoman Sultan also promised Ali concessions in Syria if Egypt participated.  The Egyptian force, under the command of Ali's son [[Ibrahim pasha]], was successful and quickly gained dominance of the seas and Aegean islands through the navy. Ibrahim was also succesful in the Peloponnese, where he managed to recapture [[Tripolis]], the administrative center of the area.
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===June===
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*[[June 4]]: [[Dionysis Chiotis]], footballer
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*[[June 9]]: [[Predrag Stojakovic]] [[basketball]] player.
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*[[June 24]]: [[Dimos Dikoudis]], [[basketball]] player
  
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In Europe, the Greek revolt aroused widespread sympathy.  Greece was viewed as the cradle of western civilization, and it was especially lauded by the spirit of romanticism that was current at the time.  The sight of a Christian nation attempting to cast off the rule of a Muslim Empire also appealed to the western European public.
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===August===
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*[[August 14]]: [[Elisavet Mystakidou]], Tae kwon do athlete
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===November===
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*[[November 18]]: [[Dimitris Daskalakis]], [[Cyprus|Cypriot]] international footballer.
  
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One of those who heard the call was the poet [[Lord Byron]] who spent time in Greece, organising funds, supplies and troops, but died from fever at [[Mesolonghi]] in [[1824]]. Byron's death did even more to augment European sympathy for the Greek cause.  This eventually led the western powers to intervene directly.
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==Deaths==
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===January===
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*[[January 7]]: [[Christos Xanthopoulos-Palamas]], diplomat, Foreign Minister
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*[[January 20]]: [[Dimitrios Kiousopoulos]], Prime Minister
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*[[January 27]]: [[Philopemen Finos]], Film producer
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===February===
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*[[February 13]]: [[Nikolaos Kabanis]], president of [[Aris FC|Aris]] [[Thessaloniki]] and editor of the newspaper '''''Athlitika Nea'''''.
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===July===
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*[[July 24]]: [[Spyridon Tetenes]], diplomat, foreign minister
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===August===
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*[[August 3]]: Archbishop [[Makarios III]] of [[Cyprus]]
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===September===
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*[[September 4]]: [[Stellakis Perpiniadis]] singer of [[Rebetiko]] music.
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*[[September 16]]: [[Maria Callas]], [[Greek-American]] diva
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===Unknown===
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*[[Loukas Daralas]], [[rebetiko]] singer
  
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In October [[1827]] the British, Russian and French fleets, on the initiative of local commanders but with the tacit approval of their governments, attacked and destroyed the Ottoman fleet at [[Battle of Navarino|Navarino]] (Πύλος). This was the decisive moment in the war of independence, although the British Admiral [[Sir Edward Codrington]] ruined his career since he wasn't ordered to achieve such a victory or destroy completely the Turko/Egyptian fleet. In October [[1828]] the Greeks regrouped and formed a new government under [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] (Καποδíστριας). They then advanced to seize as much territory as possible, including [[Athens]] and [[Thebes]], before the western powers impose a ceasefire.  The Great Powers, in the [[London Conference of 1832]] determined that the new Greek state would be a monarchy and invited [[King Otto|Otto]], the second son of the Bavarian King Ludwig I of Bavaria to be [[List of Kings of Greece|King of Greece]], thus, Greece was finally recognised as a sovereign state.  This state of affairs and an agreed border was formally recognized by the Turks and the European powers with the signing of the [[Treaty of Constantinople]] in July [[1832]].
 
  
  
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The struggle for the liberation of all the lands inhabited by [[Greeks]] continued. In [[1864]], the [[Ionian islands]] were added to [[Greece]]; in [[1881]] parts of [[Epirus]] and [[Thessaly]]. [[Crete]], the islands of the [[Eastern Aegean]] and [[Macedonia]] were added in [[1913]] and Western [[Thrace]] in [[1919]]. After [[World War II]] the [[Dodecanese]] islands were also returned to Greece.
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[[Category:Years]][[Category:1977]]

Latest revision as of 10:13, December 18, 2014

Events

January

March

  • March 16: AEK qualify for the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup as they equalise QPR's 3-0 score in the first leg and eliminate the English club on penalties when late-substitute keeper, Nikos Christidis, saves two.

June

  • June 4: Greece releases five British plane-spotters imprisoned for spying; they were released after 10 weeks in jail. {BBC)
  • June 26: Stelios Agloupas becomes the first Greek discus thrower to break the 60m barrier (60.08m).

August

November

December

Births

February

March

May

June

August

November

Deaths

January

February

July

August

September

Unknown

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